Islam at War: A History

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Chapter 4 THE SWORD AND INDIA: THE MOGHUL CONQUEST As early as the eighth century, with the conquest of Persia still fresh, Musl ...

52 ISLAM AT WAR It is worthwhile to consider the Muslim conquests in India in their entirety. Their six-century span and the eno ...

THE SWORD AND INDIA 53 Hindus look for a succession of reincarnations, and Muslims believe that man has one life in which to ser ...

54 ISLAM AT WAR In the century following Muhammad’s death, the Muslims had ravaged the Punjab and conquered the Sind. These were ...

THE SWORD AND INDIA 55 if the Hindus were reluctant to attack the defensive positions, then so much the better. The sultan well ...

56 ISLAM AT WAR his horse to retreat, and with a dexterous move, drove his lance into the rajah’s face, knocking out several tee ...

THE SWORD AND INDIA 57 admire the girl. Awed, he invited Bheemsi to his camp to congratulate him, but once the regent was in his ...

58 ISLAM AT WAR the governor of the Punjab. He won a major victory at Panipat over Ib- rahim, the last of the Lodi dynasty, and ...

THE SWORD AND INDIA 59 Of Shah Jahan’s four sons, the third, Aurangzeb would succeed to the throne by the preferred method of tr ...

60 ISLAM AT WAR The French meddled in the politics and intervened in the disputed suc- cessions of Hyderabad and Arcot. The Fren ...

THE SWORD AND INDIA 61 With the consolidation of British commercial, political, and military power, the independent Muslim milit ...

62 ISLAM AT WAR 1225–1351 Ghiyas-ud-Din moves the capital from Delhi to the Deccan. 1398 Tamerlane’s great raid 1526 Babur attac ...

Chapter 5 EGYPT IN THE WORLD OF ISLAM During the Crusades, when Saladin became sultan of Egypt, one of his early projects was to ...

64 ISLAM AT WAR moral obligation to remain as loyal retainers to their patrons, with whom they had a blood obligation. Upon this ...

EGYPT IN THE WORLD OF ISLAM 65 rode to the front of his army, took off his helmet so he could be recognized, and cried, “Oh Musl ...

66 ISLAM AT WAR When Baybars died, the succession passed through a series of weak, and sometimes juvenile, sultans often control ...

EGYPT IN THE WORLD OF ISLAM 67 icked and begun fleeing until a day later when word of the overwhelming victory arrived. Syria ha ...

68 ISLAM AT WAR The Mamluk army was based on the feudal system with various emirs receiving fiefs of land in exchange for servic ...

EGYPT IN THE WORLD OF ISLAM 69 agreement and Damascus was once again obliterated and its people mur- dered in the most horrendou ...