Islam at War: A History

130 ISLAM AT WAR developed elaborate trench systems. The Allies attempted to break this with further landings on April 25 and ag ...

THE SICK MAN OF EUROPE 131 eral Townshend, the British commander, attempted an advance on Bagh- dad, but it failed after heavy l ...

132 ISLAM AT WAR lim majorities, which meant not only Anatolia, but eastern Thrace and the Mosul Vilayet. Istanbul would be give ...

THE SICK MAN OF EUROPE 133 The Allies had embarrassed themselves by having declared themselves neutral in this Greco-Turkish War ...

134 ISLAM AT WAR might have existed and caused the Armenians to decline into “least fa- vored” status among the various Christia ...

THE SICK MAN OF EUROPE 135 Simultaneously, Western ideas of democracy and government had been spreading into the minority Christ ...

136 ISLAM AT WAR Turkish government issued a proclamation declaring all males ages twenty to forty-five conscripted into the Tur ...

THE SICK MAN OF EUROPE 137 1,500,000 had been deported, and of them 1,175,000 were dead and only 325,000 still living. Debate co ...

138 ISLAM AT WAR to grow amid the polyglot clans, tribes, and sects under Ottoman rule. Hence, so the argument goes, the Europea ...

THE SICK MAN OF EUROPE 139 rights, were more likely to create the wealth and knowledge that fueled the Renaissance and further c ...

140 ISLAM AT WAR 1603 Ahmet I becomes sultan; Grand Vizier Fazil is the actual ruler. 1663–64 Fazil campaigns in the Balkans. 16 ...

Chapter 9 THE SWORD AND THE SEA: MUSLIM NAVIES, LEPANTO, AND MALTA The Mediterranean is a natural highway for the commerce, peop ...

142 ISLAM AT WAR for most of the period that Arab and Turkish fleets prowled the Mediter- ranean, they would do so in galleys, a ...

THE SWORD AND THE SEA 143 endangered wooden ships. Its first known use in 678 gave the Empire a forty-year breather before her e ...

144 ISLAM AT WAR be troubled by the Mongols and Tamerlane to such an extent that not until the early fifteenth century would the ...

THE SWORD AND THE SEA 145 offensive operations included the capture of Lepanto (modern Greece) and a major raid that nearly capt ...

146 ISLAM AT WAR In 1538 the Holy League fleet once again pushed into the Aegean, but did little more than bombard the Ottoman p ...

THE SWORD AND THE SEA 147 with strict orders to avoid an engagement. The next morning the Ottoman fleet entered Marsasirocco Bay ...

148 ISLAM AT WAR day and night. Some 70,000 rounds were fired in a month, more than 2,000 a day. Despite the intensity of the bo ...

THE SWORD AND THE SEA 149 barring Suleiman’s current offensive—had fallen after a long defense. Bragadino, the governor of the c ...