Islam at War: A History

150 ISLAM AT WAR Only Uluch Ali escaped to Istanbul with most of his flotilla. The Turks lost 210 ships: 130 captured and 80 sun ...

THE SWORD AND THE SEA 151 of Sinope in 1853 is probably symptomatic of most of them—a larger, more advanced European force cut u ...

152 ISLAM AT WAR 1571 Turkish fleet defeated at the Battle of Lepanto. 1600s to 1800s Turkish naval power in decline 1827 Mehmet ...

Chapter 10 MULLAHS AND MACHINE GUNS: COLONIAL WARS IN THE MIDDLE EAST By the middle of the nineteenth century the European drive ...

154 ISLAM AT WAR aters of war. Steam gunboats often could drive right up the rivers of the targeted country, delivering the inva ...

MULLAHS AND MACHINE GUNS 155 These fights were no more successful than most colonial resistances. Dutch rule would continue unin ...

156 ISLAM AT WAR Afghan tribesmen continued to swarm about the British cantonments snip- ing and threatening to exploit any weak ...

MULLAHS AND MACHINE GUNS 157 enemy in a superb position, Gurkhas, Punjabis and Highlanders routed the Afghan force, which was pu ...

158 ISLAM AT WAR Egyptian government to build a canal between the Red Sea and the Med- iterranean. This astonishing project, whi ...

MULLAHS AND MACHINE GUNS 159 The British rapidly installed the khedive in an Alexandrian palace, but Cairo and the rest of the c ...

160 ISLAM AT WAR inward-looking Sudanese. The garrison was sufficient to oppress the prov- ince, but insufficient to stop slaver ...

MULLAHS AND MACHINE GUNS 161 Muhammad Ahmad, henceforth referred to asthe Mahdi, declared him- self in June 1881 and began preac ...

162 ISLAM AT WAR them. It must be remembered that this was the same Egyptian army that had been so soundly defeated by the Briti ...

MULLAHS AND MACHINE GUNS 163 No further attempts to relieve Khartoum occurred, for no government much cared what happened in the ...

164 ISLAM AT WAR The Egyptian government, now a mere English puppet, was content to allow the Sudan to drift away. Sadly, Muhamm ...

MULLAHS AND MACHINE GUNS 165 resembled. Permanent garrisons of regular soldiers received training, bil- leting, and upkeep that ...

166 ISLAM AT WAR standard would includerubsfrom garrisons and volunteers and would certainly include the tribalrubsof the emir i ...

MULLAHS AND MACHINE GUNS 167 consisted of some 25,000 men. Bringing this weight of men, animals, and machines down the Nile from ...

168 ISLAM AT WAR Azraq advanced his 10,000 spearmen in a wide arc against the center of the enemy front. It was hoped that the c ...

MULLAHS AND MACHINE GUNS 169 Sudanese for the idea of national rather than tribal identity, a process not yet fully completed, b ...