Islam at War: A History

110 ISLAM AT WAR of the Ottoman army until about 1900. The army had a wide variety of troops, including the Janissaries, a large ...

THE SICK MAN OF EUROPE 111 of the force grew to 20,000 by around 1575 and to 48,688 by 1591. Under Ibrahim (1640–48) they were r ...

112 ISLAM AT WAR The Mamluks lavished great sums on their clothing and on that of their horses. They carried gold and jewels on ...

THE SICK MAN OF EUROPE 113 davia, but this caused him to split with the Hapsburg emperor, who had sought Moldavia for himself. N ...

114 ISLAM AT WAR had deployed his army on the right bank of the Raab River, and on August 1, 1664, a decisive battle occurred at ...

THE SICK MAN OF EUROPE 115 and live in peace under the sultan as Christians; and if any may prefer, let him depart peaceably, ta ...

116 ISLAM AT WAR others remained loyal to Kara Mustafa’s orders. A revolt erupted and the loyal troops triumphed, but Ottomans k ...

THE SICK MAN OF EUROPE 117 Between 1683 and 1687 the disasters that befell the Ottomans caused a tremendous internal disintegrat ...

118 ISLAM AT WAR The year 1717 saw one disaster after another, with the Austrians oc- cupying Belgrade in August, and while doin ...

THE SICK MAN OF EUROPE 119 would follow, but the revolutionary fever in Europe bought the Empire another 100 years of existence. ...

120 ISLAM AT WAR pendence, smashed Ali’s fleet at the Battle of Navarino in 1827. It is interesting that Turkey, heir of the lan ...

THE SICK MAN OF EUROPE 121 opposed the sultan. Resit Mehmet attempted to cut the Egyptians’ lines of communications to Syria but ...

122 ISLAM AT WAR The holy sites in Palestine have been a source of constant conflict not only between the East and West, but wit ...

THE SICK MAN OF EUROPE 123 The war ended with the signing of the Peace of Paris on March 29, Although the war emptied the Ottom ...

124 ISLAM AT WAR tanbul. He decided to go to Bulgaria and investigate these stories. He proceeded to send a series of telegrams ...

THE SICK MAN OF EUROPE 125 ever, are clear that thousands of men, women, and children were slaugh- tered and scores of villages ...

126 ISLAM AT WAR ments flowed into the Turkish lines, swelling their ranks to 20,000. Stead- ily their hold on their positions a ...

THE SICK MAN OF EUROPE 127 The victorious Russians, finally restrained by the Western Europeans, dictated the Treaty of San Stef ...

128 ISLAM AT WAR since 1878, was given to Romania, and Macedonia was divided between Greece and Serbia. At least the hands grasp ...

THE SICK MAN OF EUROPE 129 from the war, or at least easing the pressure on Russia. The first blow fell on March 18, 1915, when ...