Global Warming
Carbon dioxideand the carboncycle 29 to date, methane (CH 4 ) about twenty-four per cent, and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) about six pe ...
30 The greenhousegases Figure 3.1The global carbon cycle, showing the carbon stocks in reservoirs (in Gt) and carbon flows (in G ...
Carbon dioxideand the carboncycle 31 timescales determined by their respective turnover times – which range from less than a yea ...
32 The greenhousegases 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 12500 10000 7500 5000 2500 0 Age (yr BP) (a) Taylor Dome CO c ...
Carbon dioxideand the carboncycle 33 Table 3.1Components of annual average global carbon budget for 1980s and 1990s – in Gt of c ...
34 The greenhousegases Figure 3.5 shows that these fractions may change substantially in the future. About ninety-five per cent ...
Carbon dioxideand the carboncycle 35 Thebiological pumpin the oceans^3 In temperate and high latitudes there is a peak each spri ...
36 The greenhousegases This process, whose contribution to the carbon cycle is known as the biological pump(see box), was import ...
Carbon dioxideand the carboncycle 37 What we can learn from carbon isotopes Isotopes are chemically identical forms of the same ...
38 The greenhousegases 345 350 355 360 365 370 375 380 385 − 60 − 55 − 50 − 45 − 40 − 35 − 30 − 25 − 20 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 ...
Future emissionsof carbon dioxide 39 is more vegetation growth in the northern hemisphere than the south- ern, a minimum in the ...
40 The greenhousegases Feedbacks in the biosphere As the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide and methane are added to the atmosphere ...
Future emissionsof carbon dioxide 41 Emissions Atmos Land Ocean 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100 Year Gt C 1 500 1000 500 0 Figure 3.5Il ...
42 The greenhousegases unlikely to be fulfilled accurately in practice, it is necessary to make a variety of different assumptio ...
Other greenhousegases 43 Table 3.2Estimated sources and sinks of methane in millions of tonnes per year.aThe first column of dat ...
44 The greenhousegases proportion which comes from fossil fuel sources, such as leakage from mines and from natural gas pipeline ...
Other greenhousegases 45 non-flammable, appear to be ideal for use in refrigerators, the manufac- ture of insulation and aerosol ...
46 The greenhousegases agreed in London in 1991 and in Copenhagen in 1992, required that manufacture of CFCs be phased out compl ...
Gases with anindirect greenhouseeffect 47 the concentration in the atmosphere of both the HCFCs and the HFCs, and therefore thei ...
48 The greenhousegases the amount of the hydroxyl radical (OH) which in turn affects the con- centration of methane. Substantial ...
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