0198506961.pdf
266 Ion traps in the radial direction; there is no axial micromotion because it is a d.c. electric field along thez-direction. W ...
12.5 Laser cooling of trapped ions 267 repulsion, so they never come close enough together to react—in this sense the collisions ...
268 Ion traps Fig. 12.4A string of calcium ions in a linear Paul trap. The ions have an aver- age separation of 10μm and the str ...
12.6 Quantum jumps 269 12.6 Quantum jumps In addition to the strong resonance transition of natural width Γ used for laser cooli ...
270 Ion traps atom, and the direct observation of such jumps for a single ion provides new ways of testing quantum mechanics. Pr ...
12.7 The Penning trap and the Paul trap 271 12.7 The Penning trap and the Paul trap For experiments with several ions the linear ...
272 Ion traps symmetric electrodes work well for laser cooling experiments since the cold ions remain close to the trap centre, ...
12.7 The Penning trap and the Paul trap 273 of the ion is a cycloid: a combination of circular motion atωcand driftatvelocityE/B ...
274 Ion traps different valuesωzωmωc(Exercise 12.4). 12.7.2 Mass spectroscopy of ions The determination of the mass of ions by ...
12.8 Electron beam ion trap 275 agrees well with the experimental value given above and this provides a very stringent test of t ...
276 Ion traps Fig. 12.9A cross-section of an electron beam ion trap that has cylindrical sym- metry. The high-energy electron be ...
12.9 Resolved sideband cooling 277 used in the QED calculations becomes larger and higher orders start to make a greater contrib ...
278 Ion traps Frequency of laser radiation, Signal (arbitrary units) (a) (b) Fig. 12.10(a) The vibration levels of an ion in a h ...
Further reading 279 ratio of populations: in this exampleN(v=1)/N(v=0)=0.05 so the ion spends most of its time in the lowest lev ...
280 Ion traps (^38) On the web site of the Nobel prizes. prize lecture of Wolfgang Paul. (^38) The National Physical Laboratory ...
Exercises for Chapter 12 281 (12.5) Production of highly-charged ions in an EBIT (a) Estimate the accelerating voltage required ...
Quantum computing 13 13.1 Qubits and their properties 283 13.2 A quantum logic gate 287 13.3 Parallelism in quantum computing 28 ...
13.1 Qubits and their properties 283 13.1 Qubits and their properties Fig. 13.2The two hyperfine levels in thegroundstateofanion ...
284 Quantum computing Fig. 13.3The state | 0 〉 lies at the north pole of thisBloch sphereand | 1 〉at the south pole; all other p ...
13.1 Qubits and their properties 285 where ψ 1 ψ 2 =[a| 0 〉+b| 1 〉] 1 [c| 0 〉+d| 1 〉] 2. (13.6) Herecanddare additional arbitrar ...
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