Handbook of Hygiene Control in the Food Industry

surfaces witha highATPcountand low microbial count(e.g.UHTmilk),thus a small increasein product residuecan increasethe ATPcountb ...

Table36.3 Comparisonof mainmicrobiologicalmethodsfor hygienemonitoring Method Advantages Disadvantages Swabbing Widelyusedand ac ...

relies on cultivation, which,depending on the organism can be hours,daysor weeks (e.g.for TB). Mostswabbing protocols are basedu ...

facturers' viewis that the variability in swabbing per se is not sufficientto preventthe detectionof highsurface countson a give ...

Table 36.4 Selected published surface hygiene swabbing protocols (adapted from Davidson, 2001) Sampling variable Collins et al. ...

be addedto the wettingsolution. Thesehelpto prevent organisms,removed fromthe surface(wheretheymaybe moreresistant), beingkilled ...

no swabshaft,and in orderto avoid contamination, the spongeneedsto be held using a sterile glove, usually provided withthe spong ...

includebeingmoresuitedto flat surfaces and on verycontaminatedsurfaces providing onlyan approximate or semi-quantitativeestimate ...

direct replacement for microbiological testingbut provide complementary informationand shouldbe usedas part of an integratedstra ...

the amount of ATPon a surface and henceits cleanliness. The level of ATP withincellsvariesdepending upon the typeof cell,e.g. an ...

all in one assays.The exactchemical formulationsusedin the assays varywith suppliers,but all containluciferin/luciferase,magnesi ...

to measure, and/orrecord the results is availablefor some tests,if needed. The subjectivityis mostvariablefor marginally unclean ...

indicator goingdeeppurplewithin120 seconds, if the surface is unclean.The advantagesof the stripapproach compared withthe swabar ...

qualitysystemsin use.An integratedprotocolshould recognise the typeof information provided by, or the weakness associated with, ...

indicator of surfacecleanlinessand, therefore, any decision aboutfurthertesting needsto be consideredin relation to productrisk ...

wheremicrobiologicaltestingis mostuseful..Thistypeof integratedapproach providesa betterindicationof cleaning efficacy, helpsto ...

can often be testedto provide an estimate of surfacecleanliness as can the quality of the first productrun after,for example, a ...

ListeriafromZone 2 sitesfirst,beforeconsiderationof Zone 1. Failureto do so is onlylikely to lead to rapidrecontaminationof Zone ...

can be usedto validatecleaningand provideongoing datafor trendanalysis. This can be a powerful management tool and identify, for ...

consumables along with more sophisticated foolproof software. For food service, which currently does little testing, the future ...