Handbook of Hygiene Control in the Food Industry

are usuallybasedupona perceptionof risk and what is acceptable.An alter- nativestrategyis to decide what is attainableon a surfa ...

FOODSTANDARDSAGENCY(2004)ConsumerAttitudeReport 2003 .www.food.gov.uk GIBSONH, TAYLORJ H, HALLK EandHOLAH J(1999)Effectivenessof ...

Sanitation. 22 (6): 14±24. MOORE GandGRIFFITHC J(2002b)A comparisonof surfacesamplingmethodsfor detectingcoliformson foodcontact ...

37.1 Introduction The ability of air to contain and transport liquids, solids and living substances is frequently overlooked or ...

particle countersfor totalparticleamountsthat can be exploited. Bioaerosol samples are analysedwithvariousmethods: culturingmeth ...

Oxygenslowly killsmostairborne microbesthroughoxidation (Kowalski & Bahnfleth, 1998). The toxiceffectof oxygen is relatedto ...

can be assignedto eachof the above-mentionedcriteria(Griffiths & DeCosemo, 1994). It is likelythat the overalllevelof microb ...

size of aerosolparticles is generally in the range0.5±50m. Particle size is the majorfactorinfluencingaerodynamic behaviour (Ka ...

as biologicalefficiency that refers to the ability of the samplerto maintain microbial viabilityand preventcell damage during sa ...

of the sampler of impaction devices(Li & Lin,1999). Impactorswithseveral collection stages,i.e. cascade impactors, give info ...

TheDae50valueof the first stage is 8.0m and theDae50valuefor the second stage is 0.95m (Andersen,1958). For thisreason viable ...

the surface of collection suspensionsand are re-entered into the exit airflow (Grinshpunet al., 1997; Lin & Li, 1999a). The ...

representative sampling(Kang& Frank,1989a). They,however, demonstrate an inherent selectivityfor largerparticles and, since ...

day mailing delay before plating, while concentrations of mould and thermophilicbacteriaremainedsteady(Thorneet al., 1994).The m ...

Table 37.1 Methods including some commercial air sampling devices used in collection of air for microbiological sampling Samplin ...

radarusesradiowaves.Combiningparticle counting withbioaerosol measure- mentsmayallowdetectionof rapidvariations instantaneously ...

37.6 Bioaerosolassaymethods 37.6.1 Culturingtechniques Culturingof microbesdirectlyor through a brothon solidagarmediawith incub ...

harvested, e.g. on filters(Kildes ̆& Nielsen,1997)and in impinger liquids (Terzievaet al., 1996).However, manualfocusing of ...

37.6.5 Molecular methods Molecularbiologydetectionmethodsincludepolymerasechain reaction(PCR) and geneprobes (Griffiths& DeC ...

industry environments.The regularbioaerosol assays are comparatively cheap, relatively fast to carryout and do not require much ...