Handbook of Hygiene Control in the Food Industry

Exploitationof the bioaerosol result is usually achievedby analysingthe trends and changesin eachsamplingplaceresults. Careful a ...

37.9 References and furtherreading AGRANOVSKI V, RISTOVSKIZ, HARGREAVESM, BLACKALL,P JandMORAWSKL(2003a), Real-timemeasurementof ...

andBRENNERK P(1997),Effectof impaction,bounceand reaerosolizationon the collectionefficiencyof impingers',AerosolSci Technol, 26 ...

LIN W-HandLI C-S(1999b),Evaluationof impingementand filtrationmethodsfor yeast bioaerosolsampling',AerosolSci Technol, 30 , 119± ...

SEAVERM, EVERSOLE J D, HARDGROVEJ J, CARYW KandROSELLED C(1999),Sizeand fluorescencemeasurementsfor fielddetectionof biologicala ...

38.1 Introduction There has been a dramatic increase in the usage of chemical biocides (i.e. disinfectants, antiseptics and sani ...

discuss standard protocolsfor disinfectants and sanitisers,theirlimitationand possible developments. 38.2 Types of biocidal prod ...

propertiesand spectrum of activity(Russell, 2001)(Table38.1).Selectinga biocidefor a specificapplicationdepends not onlyon the c ...

the foodindustry,particularlyin the USA.A typical definition of a sanitiser is a substancethat reduces microbial contamination o ...

water) (Fraise, 2004a). In addition, preservation now includes medicines, pharmaceutical and cosmeticproducts, but also paint,wo ...

antimicrobialproductshouldbe evaluatedwithstandardprotocolsthat investigate a rangeof conditions.Manyantimicrobialtests,notablyp ...

activeconcentrationor/andofferingsomeprotection to the microorganisms. Indeedthe antimicrobialefficacy of somebiocidescan be dee ...

conveniently by theQ 10 value(changein activityfollowing a rise of 10 ÎC). The Q 10 value is given by the equation: Q 10 à Time ...

cell.Waterhardness is particularly of concern whenthe formulation/product needsto be dilutedto the appropriatein use concentrati ...

i.e. foodindustry, hospitalenvironment, etc. However,the number of test protocolsavailable to evaluate virucidal and mycobacteri ...

38.3 Criteria for testingbiocidal action The purpose of antimicrobialefficacytestingis to determine a pass/fail criterion for a ...

product. The inclusion of suchstrains increasesthe cost of the testingand might ultimatelyselectfor a moretoxicbiocide, although ...

treatment. In suspension tests where microorganisms are homogeneously dispersed, samplingfor survivors is relativelyeasy.Thiscon ...

38.3.3 Criteriainherent to the test methods Quenchingantimicrobialactivity The use of a neutralisingagentto quenchthe activityof ...

Neutralisingagentsare particularly importantfor those biocides that interact strongly withthe bacterialcell or withthosewitha lo ...