Organic Chemistry

20 CHAPTER 1 Electronic Structure and Bonding • Acids and Bases 1.6 An Introduction to Molecular Orbital Theory How do atoms for ...

Section 1.6 An Introduction to Molecular Orbital Theory 21 Maximum stability corresponds to mini- mum energy. Joules are the Sy ...

22 CHAPTER 1 Electronic Structure and Bonding • Acids and Bases The MO diagram shows that the bonding molecular orbital is more ...

Section 1.6 An Introduction to Molecular Orbital Theory 23 nodes node node σ∗ antibonding molecular orbital σ bonding molecular ...

24 CHAPTER 1 Electronic Structure and Bonding • Acids and Bases p atomic orbital of oxygen p atomic orbital of carbon π∗ antibon ...

Section 1.7 Bonding in Methane and Ethane: Single Bonds 25 their atomic orbitals, and because electron pairs repel each other, t ...

26 CHAPTER 1 Electronic Structure and Bonding • Acids and Bases The potential map of methane shows that neither carbon nor hydro ...

Section 1.7 Bonding in Methane and Ethane: Single Bonds 27 s orbital the s orbital adds to the lobe of the p orbital p orbital t ...

28 CHAPTER 1 Electronic Structure and Bonding • Acids and Bases faces, each an equilateral triangle). Each of the four bonds in ...

All the bonds in methane and ethane are sigma bonds because they are all formed by the end-on overlap of atomic orbitals. All si ...

30 CHAPTER 1 Electronic Structure and Bonding • Acids and Bases H H H HH π bond π bond σ bond σ bond a. b. c. H H H H CC C C σ b ...

sp sp p p Figure 1.17 An sphybridized carbon. The two sporbitals are oriented 180°away from each other, perpendicular to the tw ...

32 CHAPTER 1 Electronic Structure and Bonding • Acids and Bases repulsion, the two sporbitals point in opposite directions. Cons ...

Section 1.11 Bonding in Water 33 The bond angles in a molecule indicate which orbitals are used in bond formation. The Methyl An ...

34 CHAPTER 1 Electronic Structure and Bonding • Acids and Bases Each of the two bonds is formed by the overlap of an orbital of ...

Section 1.13 Bonding in the Hydrogen Halides 35 3-D Molecule: Ammonia repulsion between the relatively diffuse lone pair and the ...

36 CHAPTER 1 Electronic Structure and Bonding • Acids and Bases The shorter the bond, the stronger it is. porbitals. Therefore, ...

Section 1.14 Summary: Orbital Hybridization, Bond Lengths, Bond Strengths, and Bond Angles 37 Table 1.7 Comparison of the Bond A ...

38 CHAPTER 1 Electronic Structure and Bonding • Acids and Bases You may wonder how an electron “knows”what orbital it should go ...

Section 1.16 An Introduction to Acids and Bases 39 Born in Denmark,Johannes Nicolaus Brønsted (1879–1947) studied engineering be ...