Organic Chemistry

100 CHAPTER 2 An Introduction to Organic Compounds The larger the substituent on a cyclo- hexane ring, the more the equatorial- ...

Section 2.14 Conformations of Disubstituted Cyclohexanes 101 position and one methyl group in an axial position. The other chair ...

Both conformers of the trans isomer have one substituent in an equatorial position and the other in an axial position. Because t ...

PROBLEM 36 Determine whether each of the following compounds is a cis isomer or a trans isomer: a. d. b. e. c. f. PROBLEM 37 SO ...

104 CHAPTER 2 An Introduction to Organic Compounds position. The cis isomer will have one substituent in the equatorial position ...

Problems 105 Key Terms alcohol (p. 64) alkane (p. 60) alkyl halide (p. 64) alkyl substituent (p. 63) amine (p. 64) angle strain ...

106 CHAPTER 2 An Introduction to Organic Compounds a. How many primary carbons does the following structure have? b. How many ...

Problems 107 a. 4-bromo-3-pentanol g. 3,3-dichlorooctane b. 2,2-dimethyl-4-ethylheptane h. 5-ethyl-2-methylhexane c. 5-methylcyc ...

108 CHAPTER 2 An Introduction to Organic Compounds b. Which takes up more space, the lone-pair electrons or the methyl group? H ...

109 Five of the next seven chapters cover the reactions of hydrocarbons—compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen. The oth ...

In Chapter 8, you will learn about the reactions of dienes—hydrocarbons that have two carbon–carbon double bonds. You will see t ...

Z isomer of 2-butene E isomer of 2-butene I n Chapter 2, you learned that alkanes are hydrocarbons that con- tain only carbon–ca ...

3.1 Molecular Formula and the Degree of Unsaturation In Chapter 2, you learned that the general molecular formula for a noncycli ...

Section 3.2 Nomenclature of Alkenes 113 PROBLEM 2 SOLVED Determine the degree of unsaturation for the hydrocarbons with the fol ...

114 CHAPTER 3 Alkenes• Thermodynamics and Kinetics Substituents are cited in alphabetical order. If a chain has more than one s ...

If both directions lead to the same number for the alkene functional group suffix and the same low number(s) for one or more of ...

116 CHAPTER 3 Alkenes• Thermodynamics and Kinetics 3.3 The Structure of Alkenes The structure of the smallest alkene (ethene) wa ...

Section 3.4 Cis–Trans Isomerism 117 Because there is an energy barrier to rotation about a carbon–carbon double bond, an alkene ...

and trans-1,2-dichloroethene have dipole moments of zero because the bond dipole moments cancel (Section 1.15). Cis and trans is ...

Section 3.5 The E,ZSystem of Nomenclature 119 PROBLEM 8 Which of the following compounds have a dipole moment of zero? 3.5 The ...