Biophotonics_Concepts_to_Applications

area indicates the overlap between the donor emission and the acceptor excitation spectra. The efficiency E of the energy transf ...

Example 9.2Suppose the distance between the donor and acceptor is increased by a factor of three from R = R 1 =R 0 to R = R 2 =3 ...

offluorescence from excited molecules, FLIM can detectfluorophore-fluorophore interactions and environmental effects onfluoropho ...

temperature), lifetime measurements under a microscope allow the observation of molecular effects through the spatial variations ...

9.3 Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy In addition to its use for identifying molecules and examining their external behavior ...

volumes as low as a few microliters. The measurements can be performed in a solution and in living cells. When considering the s ...

Example 9.6Figure9.9shows a spheroid with the radii of the equatorial and polar axes being 0.3 and 2.0μm, respectively. What is ...

GðsÞ¼ hidIðtÞdIðtþsÞ hiIðtÞ^2 ¼ hiIðtÞIðtþsÞ hiIðtÞ^2 þ 1 ð 9 : 5 Þ where the pointed brackets signify averaging over all values ...

In practice, FCS is combined with confocal microscopy to yield a good signal-to-noise ratio for examining individual molecules. ...

The relative intensity of the backscattered light that enters the collectionfiber depends on the sizes and concentrations in the ...

9.5 Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy Diffuse correlation spectroscopy(DCS) is a continuous noninvasive technique that is used fo ...

9.6 Raman Spectroscopy Raman spectroscopyis a non-invasive, label-free biomedical optics tool that is used for evaluating the ch ...

disperses light into a spectrum) and then are registered by a CCD detector array that has a large number of pixels (>1000) in ...

A typical spectrum of Raman intensity as a function of wavenumber is shown in Fig.9.16. The difference between the frequency of ...

Ianti-Stokesto the Stokes intensity IStokesfor a given molecular vibration can be approximated by IantiStokes IStokes expðhmR ...

excited on the coated metal layer. Through this process, a strong evanescent electromagneticfield is induced on the metal surfac ...

applied electromagneticfield is nonlinear with respect to thisfield. For example, doubling the optical input intensities does no ...

9.9 Stimulated Raman Scattering Spectroscopy Stimulated Raman scattering(SRS) spectroscopy offers an alternative analytical tool ...

intensity willfluctuate over time because the distances between the molecules in the solutions are constantly changing due Brown ...

Example 9.12Consider a PCS test for examining a hemoglobin molecule that is diffusing in water. (a) If D = 1× 10 −^6 cm^2 /s for ...