Vertebrate Development Maternal to Zygotic Control (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology)

496 10.2.1 Elimination of Maternal Small RNAs Small RNA pathways utilize small noncoding RNAs as sequence-specific guides for mR ...

497 a specific AGO isoform. AGO2 and perfect complementarity result in a direct endonucleolytic cleavage; this effect requires o ...

498 showed similar downregulation patterns (Tang et al. 2007 ). This likely reflects the fact that mature miRNAs do not carry an ...

499 robust RNAi in mouse (Svoboda et al. 2000 ; Wianny and Zernicka-Goetz 2000 ), bovine (Paradis et al. 2005 ), porcine (Anger ...

500 2007 ; Houwing et al. 2008 ). piRNAs are the most abundant small RNA class in zebrafish oocytes (Yao et al. 2014 ; Houwing e ...

501 the main pathway regulating mRNA decay (Yamashita et al. 2005 ). In specific cases, mRNAs can be cleaved by an endonucleolyt ...

502 It is important to mention that the four phases above represent a grossly simplified concept. In reality, RNA half-life duri ...

503 are unusually stable during the growth phase, which takes about 2.5 weeks, with an average half-life of ~10–14 days as compa ...

504 than eightfold during 48 h) (Puschendorf et al. 2006 ). Analysis of the 3′UTR composition of maternal transcripts showed tha ...

505 1985 ). There is also a 50 % decline in the percentage of polyadenylated RNA during meiotic maturation in Xenopus (Sagata et ...

506 trans- acting factors, which would result in selective mRNA destabilization. However, the mouse model offers a different vie ...

507 over a half of mRNAs degraded after fertilization show behavior consistent with polyadenylation-accelerated mRNA decay (Svob ...

508 for OET would apply to all mammals in general. However, the minimal contribution of zygotic miRNAs to maternal mRNA degradat ...

509 Bachvarova et al. 1981 ). rRNA in growing mouse oocytes is highly stable until ovulation (Bachvarova 1981 ) where the estima ...

510 10.3 Maternal Protein Degradation Almost every discussion of maternal factors regulating OET puts into the spotlight materna ...

511 results revealed that autophagy is essential for a specific phase of OET but not for mammalian postimplantation development. ...

512 10.3.2.1 Examples of Selective Protein Degradation During OET ELAVL2 Elimination During NSN/SN Transition in Fully Grown Mou ...

513 accessible OET system for proteomic studies has been that of Xenopus. In 2014, three proteomic studies provided insights int ...

514 the end, they identified 63 differentially expressed proteins, 21 of which had decreased expression (Cao et al. 2012 ). The ...

515 Ross 2013 ). Significance of unique parent-of-origin epigenetic marks differs across vertebrates. Normal mammalian developme ...