Vertebrate Development Maternal to Zygotic Control (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology)

395 This effect seems to be mediated through E-cadherin. E-cadherin is normally down- regulated as PGCs begin to polarize and di ...

396 potential to introduce genes of interest as well as mutated versions in order to do functional studies during PGC developmen ...

397 visible signs of nuage, widely believed to be the precursors to the germinal gran- ules, appear in the nuclei of PGCs within ...

398 Fig. 8.4 Germ plasm formation and RNA localization during Xenopus oogenesis. (a) Schematic showing different stages in oogen ...

399 Fig. 8.4 (continued) body (Bb), it fragments into small clusters composed of several mitochondria surrounding the mitochondr ...

400 Table 8.2 Germ line mRNAs in Xenopus mRNA Protein classification Phenotype Function Reference Dead-end (dndl) RNA-binding (R ...

401 mRNA Protein classification Phenotype Function Reference Kif13B Kinesin/ATPase Mis-migration occurred with modulations of KI ...

402 mRNA Protein classification Phenotype Function Reference Xvelo1 Unknown Velo1 found in cytoplasm in stage l oocyte. Localiza ...

403 how does the Bb maintain this concentration? The Bb includes all three members of the major cytoskeletal protein families: a ...

404 germ plasm per se (Padmanabhan and Richter 2006 ; Mei et al. 2013 ; Mora and King unpublished). As discussed below, these pr ...

405 8.3.2 Cell Autonomous Specification of Germ Line Although germ plasm was shown to be both required and sufficient for determ ...

406 gastrulation and tailbud stages, T-GP cells were selected and transplanted back into the endoderm. While most of them failed ...

407 terms of direction remains unclear. There is evidence for three different cell signal- ing systems operating to guide PGCs t ...

408 2012 ; reviewed in Lai and King 2013 ). In fact, the onset of transcription in PGCs occurs some 10 or more hours after it is ...

409 cell cycle (Mendez and Richter 2001 ; Kotani et al. 2013 ). By repressing the cyclin B1 mRNA, the levels of Cyclin B1 protei ...

410 of having both negative and positive regulators on the same mRNA. After Pumilio is phosphorylated, cyclin B1 is translated, ...

411 8.3.4 Summary In summary, three critical activities appear to be required in PGCs to protect them from somatic differentiati ...

412 Here, we will outline mechanisms of germ cell formation in solitary and colonial ascidians, as well as the regeneration of g ...

413 (Civh) are highly enriched in the postplasm (Fujimura and Takamura 2000 ; Takamura et al. 2002b). Vasa encodes an ATP-depend ...

414 Vasa localization during embryonic development is similar across solitary ascidi- ans. Vasa mRNA is expressed in the posteri ...