The Evolution of Pragmatic Markers in English Pathways of Change

6 Pragmatic Markers: Synchronic and Diachronic Assuming that the procedural meaning of a pragmatic marker derives historically ...

1.2 Defi nition and Functions 7 pragmatic impact.” A text without pragmatic markers might be more dif- fi cult to process and wo ...

8 Pragmatic Markers: Synchronic and Diachronic Schourup ( 1999 : 230– 231) adds the characteristic of “connectivity,” a fea- tur ...

1.2 Defi nition and Functions 9 they are typically, though not always, prosodically independent from the rest of the sentence ( ...

10 Pragmatic Markers: Synchronic and Diachronic be set off by intonational breaks, but they may also be fully or partially inte- ...

1.2 Defi nition and Functions 11 1.2.3 Functions of Pragmatic Markers Given the diversity of syntactic forms serving as pragmati ...

12 Pragmatic Markers: Synchronic and Diachronic 1.3 Problems for the Diachronic Study of Pragmatic Markers Because of the primar ...

1.4 Pathways for Development 13 Third, the view that pragmatic markers are predominantly a feature of oral discourse, while not ...

14 Pragmatic Markers: Synchronic and Diachronic (2) a. interrogative adverb :  Why hasn’t the international community responded? ...

1.4 Pathways for Development 15 c. pragmatic marker :  Hwæt , þæt wundra sum monnum þuhte, þæt he ma wolde afrum onfengum earme ...

16 Pragmatic Markers: Synchronic and Diachronic Chapter 3 examines the development of the clause- internal adverbial hwilum ‘at ...

1.4 Pathways for Development 17 Thompson and Mulac ( 1991 : 313) propose a sequence of development as shown in (7), with the par ...

18 Pragmatic Markers: Synchronic and Diachronic complement preposing , in large part because of the lack of synonymy between a s ...

1.4 Pathways for Development 19 (8) a. matrix clause :  You know that I  am not fretful, peevish, or sullen, or cold (1822 Neal, ...

20 Pragmatic Markers: Synchronic and Diachronic matrix clause with that- less complement, at the time at which the parenthet- ic ...

1.4 Pathways for Development 21 semantically bleached and grammaticalized, serving a discourse (mitigating, politeness ) functio ...

22 Pragmatic Markers: Synchronic and Diachronic Further evidence for an adverbial origin is the scarcity of that - clause comple ...

1.4 Pathways for Development 23 1.4.1.4 From Clausal Construction to Pragmatic Marker: Nominal Relative Comment Clauses. Pragmat ...

24 Pragmatic Markers: Synchronic and Diachronic 1.4.2 Semantic Pathways In a ground- breaking study, Traugott ( 1982 ) argues th ...

1.4 Pathways for Development 25 long as they can speak ). Here “people making excuses” is unlikely to change, and thus the tempo ...