Krohs_00_Pr.indd
270 Ulrich Krohs identifi ed and classifi ed as dysfunctional (Krohs 2004, 2008b).^17 This allows for the fol- lowing explicatio ...
The Cost of Modularity 271 (Kornberg 1965; Owen, Kalhan, and Hanson 2002). Moreover, the cofactors that are involved in the cycl ...
272 Ulrich Krohs nobody is waiting for a particular result. Time and effort (in terms of, e.g., lethal varia- tions) required in ...
The Cost of Modularity 273 unlikely to occur because of fi tness-decreasing “side effects.” Without such a supplementa- tion, th ...
274 Ulrich Krohs With the given frequency of telephone calls that Simon assumes, Tempus loses on average twenty times as much w ...
The Cost of Modularity 275 Boogerd, F. C., Bruggeman, F. J., Richardson, R. C., Stephan, A., and Westerhoff, H. V. (2005). Emerg ...
276 Ulrich Krohs Lewontin, R. C. (1978). Adaptation. Scientifi c American, 239: 156–169. Margulis, L. (1970). Origin of Eukaryot ...
16 Technical Artifacts, Engineering Practice, and Emergence 16.1 Introduction: Emergence as a Practical Problem Mainly driven by ...
278 Peter Kroes properties is that their occurrence is often unexpected and unpredictable. Engineers would not be engineers, how ...
Technical Artifacts, Engineering Practice, and Emergence 279 many risks that cannot be identifi ed by following the functional d ...
280 Peter Kroes exploitation of emergent properties are still highly speculative. Instead we deal here with the question whether ...
Technical Artifacts, Engineering Practice, and Emergence 281 The fi rst interpretation is rather weak. Taken by itself, it would ...
282 Peter Kroes time.^11 But this behavior is not suffi cient for realizing the function. Note that this behavior is not an emer ...
Technical Artifacts, Engineering Practice, and Emergence 283 tunities to causally transform the physical environment, that is, o ...
284 Peter Kroes functions based on or realized by those emergent causal powers for use in technical systems. If inductive reason ...
Technical Artifacts, Engineering Practice, and Emergence 285 nature of the links or dependencies among real-world items [the eme ...
286 Peter Kroes cannot be explained in principle on the basis of knowledge of features of its emergence base, and weakly nonexpl ...
Technical Artifacts, Engineering Practice, and Emergence 287 It is one thing to explain a physical feature; it is another to exp ...
288 Peter Kroes phenomena must be qualifi ed as epistemically emergent. The epistemically emergent nature of these phenomena is ...
Technical Artifacts, Engineering Practice, and Emergence 289 testifi es to the viability of techniques such as functional decomp ...
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