Front Matter

v¼ VmaxS KmþS ¼ VmaxKS m 1 þKS m ¼ Vmaxb 1 þb ð 21 Þ At low levels ofS/Kmorbwhere a high degree of conversion can be obtained, o ...

degree of acyl migration because some reactants may have shorter reaction time and some may have longer time, which has close co ...

11.6.3 Membrane reactors Membranes are thin barriers that can perform various degrees of separation using differences in concent ...

tions. In these cases membrane separations will be more complicated, but the separa- tion factor will be larger than using singl ...

11.7 Control of water content/activity The control of water content or water activity is a key factor of lipase-catalyzed intere ...

reactors or continuous systems for the modification of oils and fats by lipase-cata- lyzed interesterification. 11.8 Processes f ...

with acyl donors and passes to the second stage packed-bed reactor. The second stage product was purified by distillation and fu ...

(Xu et al., 1998b). The process contained a substrate tank including heating and stirring, a product tank equipped with cooling ...

Buchholz, K. (1982), Reaction engineering parameters for immobilized biocatalysts,Adv. Biochem. Eng. 24 , 39–71. Buhler, M., Wan ...

Linfield, W.M. (1988), Enzymatic fat splitting, in Applewhite, T.H. (Ed.),Proceedings of World Con- ference on Biotechnology for ...

Soumanou, M.M., Bornscheuer, U.T., Schmid, U., Schmid, R.D. (1999), Crucial role of support and water activity on the lipase-cat ...

Phospholipases Enzymesin LipidModification.Editedby UweT. Bornscheuer Copyright 2000 Wiley-VCHVerlagGmbH& Co. KGaA,Weinheim ...

12 Phospholipases Used in Lipid Transformations Renate Ulbrich-Hofmann Abbreviations AOT bis-(2-ethylhexyl)sodium sulfosuccinate ...

phosphate moieties or glycan structures. The diacyl moieties are formed by fatty acids, the composition of which in natural prod ...

nent. The most important sphingophospholipid is sphingomyelin, bearing ceramide and choline as ester components of phosphoric ac ...

transduction, membrane trafficking, etc., has been realized (reviewed in Tischfield, 1997; Balsinde and Dennis, 1997; Rhee and B ...

12.2 Sources of phospholipases 223 Table 1.Sources of phospholipases used in biocatalysis. Phospholipase (EC number) Source Mole ...

12.2.3 Phospholipase C The primary interest in PLCs originates from their great importance in cell function and signaling. Besid ...

12.3.1 Phospholipase A 2 In contrast to intracellular PLA 2 s–the structural information on which is poor (re- viewed in Ackerma ...

1983), or from snake venom such asCrotalus atrox(Keith et al., 1981; Brunie et al., 1985),Naja naja atra(Scott et al., 1990b) or ...