Human Physiology, 14th edition (2016)

418 Chapter 13 where the blood becomes oxygenated; the left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to the entire body. Anticoagulants ...

Blood, Heart, and Circulation 419 The numerous small muscular arteries and arterioles of the systemic circulation present greate ...

420 Chapter 13 isovolumetric contraction of the ventricles (section 13.4). The “dub,” or second sound, is produced by closing of ...

Blood, Heart, and Circulation 421 Pulmonic area Bicuspid (mitral) area Nipple Tricuspid area Aortic area Figure 13.13 Routine st ...

422 Chapter 13 13.4 Cardiac Cycle The two atria fill with blood and then contract simultane- ously. This is followed by simultan ...

Blood, Heart, and Circulation 423 The heart thus has a two-step pumping action. The right and left atria contract almost simulta ...

424 Chapter 13 1 Volume changes 40 80 120 1st 2nd 3rd Heart sounds 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 0 0.2 0.4 Time (seconds) Left ventricle ...

Blood, Heart, and Circulation 425 cells. Instead, during the period of diastole, the SA node exhib- its a slow spontaneous depol ...

426 Chapter 13 potentials. The majority of myocardial cells have resting mem- brane potentials of about 2 85 mV. When stimulated ...

Blood, Heart, and Circulation 427 ventricles to contract simultaneously and eject blood into the pul- monary and systemic circul ...

428 Chapter 13 single skeletal muscle fiber (which lasts only 20 to 100 msec in comparison). The heart normally cannot be stimul ...

Blood, Heart, and Circulation 429 Figure 13.22 The ECG and cardiac cycle. ( a ) The electrocardiogram (ECG) waves and intervals. ...

430 Chapter 13 arm to left leg), and lead III (left arm to left leg). The right leg is used as a ground lead. In the unipolar le ...

Blood, Heart, and Circulation 431 13.6 Blood Vessels The thick muscle layer of the arteries allows them to trans- port blood eje ...

432 Chapter 13 their diameters. Unlike the larger elastic arteries, therefore, the diameter of the smaller muscular arteries cha ...

Blood, Heart, and Circulation 433 Unlike the vessels of the arterial and venous systems, the walls of capillaries are composed o ...

434 Chapter 13 distance between endothelial cells is so great that these capillaries look like little cavities ( sinusoids ) in ...

Blood, Heart, and Circulation 435 bedridden, blood accumulates in the veins and causes them to bulge. When a person is more acti ...

436 Chapter 13 13.7 ATHEROSCLEROSIS AND CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS Atherosclerosis is a disease process that can lead to obstruction of ...

Blood, Heart, and Circulation 437 and exposes the underlying tissue to the blood, thrombi (clots) form. Endothelial cells normal ...