Human Physiology, 14th edition (2016)

58 Chapter 3 Peroxisomes Peroxisomes are membrane-enclosed organelles containing several specific enzymes that promote oxidative ...

Cell Structure and Genetic Control 59 This symbiosis might not always benefit the host; for exam- ple, mitochondria produce supe ...

60 Chapter 3 cell. Also, when mitochondria become damaged they can harm their host cells through the leakage of toxic mitochondr ...

Cell Structure and Genetic Control 61 Golgi Complex The Golgi complex, also called the Golgi apparatus, consists of a stack of s ...

62 Chapter 3 3.3 Cell Nucleus and Gene Expression The nucleus is the organelle that contains the DNA of a cell. A gene is a leng ...

Cell Structure and Genetic Control 63 “promoter” regions, which are sites that participate in the regulation of nearby genes. Ot ...

64 Chapter 3 the chromosomes. Much of the protein content of chromatin is of a type known as histones. Histone proteins are posi ...

Cell Structure and Genetic Control 65 This pairing of bases, like that which occurs in DNA repli- cation (described in a later s ...

66 Chapter 3 Precursor mRNA is much larger than the mRNA it forms. Surprisingly, this large size of pre-mRNA is not due to exces ...

Cell Structure and Genetic Control 67 different mRNAs. An siRNA can be perfectly complementary to a particular mRNA, forming an ...

68 Chapter 3 When mRNA enters the cytoplasm, it attaches to ribosomes, which appear in the electron microscope as numerous small ...

Cell Structure and Genetic Control 69 second tRNA with its dipeptide thereby moves down one position in the ribosome. A third tR ...

70 Chapter 3 unattached to other organelles. If the protein is to be secreted by the cell, however, it is made by mRNA-ribosome ...

Cell Structure and Genetic Control 71 including gene activation and inactivation. Other proteins modify the activity of particul ...

72 Chapter 3 3.5 DNA Synthesis and Cell Division When a cell is going to divide, each strand of the DNA within its nucleus acts ...

Cell Structure and Genetic Control 73 nucleotides, guanine bases pair with cytosine-containing nucle- otides. Enzymes called DNA ...

74 Chapter 3 G 1 phase ( G stands for gap ). Although sometimes described as “resting,” cells in the G 1 phase perform the physi ...

Cell Structure and Genetic Control 75 membranes, and burst. Such cellular death, leading to tissue death, is known as necrosis. ...

76 Chapter 3 in response to ultraviolet light in cells exposed to sunlight; tobacco (all forms); cancer-causing chemicals, inclu ...

Cell Structure and Genetic Control 77 Figure 3.27 The stages of mitosis. The events that occur in each stage are indicated in th ...