Human Physiology, 14th edition (2016)

138 Chapter 6 Pure water has an osmotic pressure of zero, and a 360 g/L glucose solution has twice the osmotic pressure of a 180 ...

Interactions Between Cells and the Extracellular Environment 139 solvent, not on the chemical nature of the solute molecules. Th ...

140 Chapter 6 One mole of solute per liter depresses the freezing point of water by 2 1.86 8 C. Accordingly, a 1.0 m glucose sol ...

Interactions Between Cells and the Extracellular Environment 141 by 10 mOsm or more; ingestion of salt likewise increases plasma ...

142 Chapter 6 6.3 Carrier-Mediated Transport Molecules such as glucose are transported across plasma membranes by carrier protei ...

Interactions Between Cells and the Extracellular Environment 143 saturation. The diffusion of glucose through a plasma mem- bran ...

144 Chapter 6 glucose is transported against its concentration gradient by a different kind of carrier, one that is dependent on ...

Interactions Between Cells and the Extracellular Environment 145 the release of neurotransmitters from axon terminals (chapter 7 ...

146 Chapter 6 ion is obtained from the “downhill” transport of Na^1 into the cell. Hydrolysis of ATP by the action of the Na^1 / ...

Interactions Between Cells and the Extracellular Environment 147 each membrane and connect to the cytoskeleton of each cell; and ...

148 Chapter 6 In addition, there is bulk movement of fluid through pores in epithelial membranes. The presence of pores, and the ...

Interactions Between Cells and the Extracellular Environment 149 6.4 The Membrane Potential As a result of the permeability prop ...

150 Chapter 6 heartbeat, and the generation of nerve impulses. To understand these processes, we must first examine the electric ...

Interactions Between Cells and the Extracellular Environment 151 cell. The actual voltage, however, has to be calculated, as des ...

152 Chapter 6 and closing of Na^1 and K^1 channels that are involved, but gated channels for Ca^2 1 and Cl^2 are also very impor ...

Interactions Between Cells and the Extracellular Environment 153 6.5 Cell Signaling Cells communicate by signaling each other ch ...

154 Chapter 6 a functional connection, or synapse, between the axon end- ing and the target cell. There is a small synaptic gap, ...

Interactions Between Cells and the Extracellular Environment 155 The polar regulatory molecule (neurotransmitter, hormone, or pa ...

156 Chapter 6 Figure 6.31 The G-protein cycle. (1) When the receptor is not bound to the regulatory molecule, the three G-protei ...

157 Interactions Skeletal System Osteoblasts secrete Ca^2 1 and PO 4 3 2 into the extracellular matrix, forming calcium phospha ...