Community Ecology Processes, Models, and Applications
12.2.1.1 Models in which species are defined by many traits The first community evolution model, named the Webworld model (Calda ...
possible candidate function matching all these re- quirements is the Gaussian: gðyxÞ¼ g 0 s ffiffiffiffiffiffi 2 p p e ðyxdÞ ...
mortality and excretion. The equation that de- scribes nutrient dynamics is then: dN 0 dt ¼IeN 0 S n i¼ 1 gðxiÞNiN 0 þvNi S ...
diversity increases through time. This increase in diversity is very fast at the beginning, as the evolu- tionary process fills ...
the shape of the food web. To do this snapshot, all morphs are considered, and the trophic links be- tween them are retained if ...
Table 12.1 Comparison between the characteristics of empirical data sets and those of communities emerging from the model descri ...
Models of this kind use community properties (usually the total diversity of the system as well as its connectance) to determine ...
Neiraet al. 2004; Neira and Arancibia 2004; Sa`nchez and Olaso 2004). The applicability of such an equi- librium hypothesis, how ...
phenomenon seems to be responsible for the stabil- ity of the food webs produced by the Webworld model (Quinceet al. 2005). 12.3 ...
When top predators are harvested in the model of section 12.2.1.2 a surviving predator’s mutant whose body size is smaller may b ...
some similar assumptions. For instance, our model contains the influence of body mass on individual production and mortality rat ...
Third, they provide new perspectives on food web and community properties, and potentially a more complete understanding of the ...
dynamics (de Mazancourt and Dieckmann 2004; Loeuille and Loreau 2004). In the case of body size, many observations exist, so tha ...
Chapter 13 Mutualisms and community organization David Kothamasi, E. Toby Kiers and Marcel G.A. van der Heijden 13.1 Introductio ...
that evolved through trade-offs into cooperation that bestowed selective advantages on the mutual- istic partners. We then discu ...
credibly complex physiological mechanisms that allow mutualisms to function. In reality, the deci- sion to cooperate, and with w ...
leading to decreased fitness (Denison 2000; Westet al. 2002a, b; Kierset al. 2003). Moreover, the exchange of luxury resources m ...
ecologically similar species (Boucheret al. 1982). However, ultimately, partners can achieve stable mutualisms through the enfor ...
pollinators. For instance, non-rewarding orchids are known to benefit from displaced pollinators by being located close to rewar ...
pollination. Similarly, in The Netherlands, a declin- ing bee population has caused a decline in plants exclusively pollinated b ...
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