Community Ecology Processes, Models, and Applications
fishes had little effect on algal biomass initially, per- haps because sea urchin grazing compensated for the reduced fish grazi ...
scarce (McClanahanet al. 1996; see also Hay and Taylor 1985). That is, the presence of two effective herbivore groups (fishes an ...
more profitable for fishers to target other species, which provides the overfished species with a refuge and allows them to reco ...
prey species differing in competitive ability and edibility (Leibold 1996). 8.5 Interaction strengths and dynamic stability in m ...
The small but growing number of communities in which interaction strength has been estimated suggests that strong skew in intera ...
referred to as hysteresis (Fig. 8.8a). Scheffer and Carpenter (2003) described a series of criteria for identifying regime shift ...
8.6.2 Empirical evidence for regime shifts in marine ecosystems At the population level, Collieet al.(2004) applied Scheffer and ...
prevent extinction at low population density. Alter- native stable states of a population can also result from size dependence o ...
via intense predation by humans and invasion of non-indigenous species. The studies reviewed here suggest that these emerging ma ...
CHAPTER 9 Applied (meta)community ecology: diversity and ecosystem services at the intersection of local and regional processes ...
regional dynamic processes in metacommunity the- ory is then used to suggest guidelines for manage- ment of biodiversity and eco ...
patches in the region, not from a mainland (Fig. 9.1). Island biogeography was important in early conservation biology, despite ...
landscape consisting of habitat patches of varying quality, and a matrix of varying but lower quality between patches. Crucial f ...
Table 9.1Implications of different perspectives on metacommunity dynamics (Leiboldet al.2004) for management of biodiversity and ...
ecosystem functioning increases with local diversity, and thus by proper local management. In thepatch dynamicsperspective, whic ...
9.1a). Third, natural or close to natural distur- bance regimes and landscape mosaics should be maintained, as most species are ...
persistence, for many species by first approaching a patch dynamics perspective, but as land use intensi- fication proceeds the ...
Third, homogenization of landscapes and increased disturbances associated with land use intensification ‘select’ species with pa ...
organisms from plants to insects and birds (Steffan- Dewenteret al. 2002; Bentonet al. 2003). How can we distinguish farming sys ...
may for economic reasons specialize on a single or a few crops. This is especially a risk as contracts with large retailer chain ...
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