Migration from the Middle East and North Africa to Europe Past Developments, Current Status, and Future Potentials (Amsterdam..
3 Turkish emigration and its implications for the sending and receiving countries Ahmet İçduygu 3.1 Introduction Social research ...
100 Ahmet İçduygu ref lects, both explicitly and implicitly, some gains and occasionally losses, both for the country and for it ...
turkISh emIgrAtION ANd ItS I mplICAtIONS 101 some also went to Australia and, later, in larger numbers, to the Arab countries of ...
102 Ahmet İçduygu The f inal section outlines what has been learned from previous studies with regard to the general implication ...
turkISh emIgrAtION ANd ItS I mplICAtIONS 103 power’ as an ingredient of development policy concerning the prospec- tive f lows o ...
104 Ahmet İçduygu In the aftermath of the recession, the number of emigrants again in- creased sharply. This was a period of mas ...
turkISh emIgrAtION ANd ItS I mplICAtIONS 105 Turkish government quickly began to seek a new market to sustain labour migration. ...
106 Ahmet İçduygu caused by the Gulf crisis. Whereas 250,000 Turkish citizens were residing in the Arab countries in the late 19 ...
turkISh emIgrAtION ANd ItS I mplICAtIONS 107 Table 3.2 Turkish labour migration flows by destination, 1961–2010 Host countries 1 ...
108 Ahmet İçduygu In recent years, contract-dependent labour migration has constituted a large part of Turkish emigration. In 20 ...
turkISh emIgrAtION ANd ItS I mplICAtIONS 109 Table 3.4 Turkish asylum seekers by destination, 1981–2010 Destination 1981–1990 19 ...
110 Ahmet İçduygu Certainly, migration from Turkey to Western European countries reached unexpected levels during the 1980s and ...
turkISh emIgrAtION ANd ItS I mplICAtIONS 111 should be viewed with some scepticism. For this reason, no f igures are cited here. ...
112 Ahmet İçduygu in the case of other destination areas, such as the Arab and CIS countries (see Figure 3.1). The decline in em ...
turkISh emIgrAtION ANd ItS I mplICAtIONS 113 from Germany and the Netherlands suggest that there has been a steady level of retu ...
114 Ahmet İçduygu Initially the overwhelming majority of migrants from Turkey were em- ployed in manufacturing industries, cons ...
turkISh emIgrAtION ANd ItS I mplICAtIONS 115 Table 3.5 Turks changing citizenship in Europe by country, 1991–2010 Country 1991–1 ...
116 Ahmet İçduygu 3.3 The economic, social and political consequences of emigration for Turkey A careful examination of the cons ...
turkISh emIgrAtION ANd ItS I mplICAtIONS 117 costs. Most of these can be related in one way or another to the economic and socia ...
118 Ahmet İçduygu is argued that remittances, even when not invested, can have an important multiplier effect: initially they st ...
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