Migration from the Middle East and North Africa to Europe Past Developments, Current Status, and Future Potentials (Amsterdam..
euro-Mediterranean Migration futures 59 The sharp f luctuations in Moroccan migration to Italy largely ref lect measurement prob ...
60 Hein de Haas have generated a greater demand for low- and high-skilled migrant labour in specif ic sectors. This not only per ...
euro-Mediterranean Migration futures 61 has been the most spectacular in Morocco, with a reduction from around 7.1 in 1965 (just ...
62 Hein de Haas These factors might explain why international outmigration persists in relatively advanced stages of the demogra ...
euro-Mediterranean Migration futures 63 national migration, as transitional-migration models predict. However, we need to stress ...
64 Hein de Haas that the income gap between Turkey and Germany decreased from 1:4.2 in 1980 to 1:3.4 in 2006. These are precisel ...
euro-Mediterranean Migration futures 65 1.5.4 Freedom and democracy When Martin and Taylor (1996: 58) hypothesised that emigrati ...
66 Hein de Haas ‘[...] provided that the emigration country is growing fast and offering hope and opportunity’. Turkey certainly ...
euro-Mediterranean Migration futures 67 been slower, and more erratic and uncertain in Egypt. Morocco remained invariably author ...
68 Hein de Haas participate in the ‘guest-worker’ migrations of the late 1960s and 1970s. This might partly be explained by its ...
euro-Mediterranean Migration futures 69 economy continues to grow, the unique ‘window of opportunity’ offered to the next genera ...
70 Hein de Haas tion, the data presented above undermine any assumption that the EU is surrounded by countries where there is an ...
euro-Mediterranean Migration futures 71 References Aghazarm, C., P. Quesada & S. Tishler (2012), Migrants caught in crisis: ...
72 Hein de Haas De Haas, H. (2003), Migration and development in Southern Morocco: The disparate socio- economic impacts of out- ...
euro-Mediterranean Migration futures 73 Levitt, P. (1998), ‘Social remittances: Migration driven local-level forms of cultural d ...
74 Hein de Haas Van Dalen, H.P., G. Groenewold & T. Fokkema (2005), ‘The ef fect of remittances on emigration intentions in ...
2 Migration and development in Eg ypt Ayman Zohr y 2.1 Introduction ‘The role that migrants play in promoting development and po ...
76 Ay mA n Zo h ry account the effects on the Egyptian labour market, including brain drain, and the changes in society and cult ...
mIgrAtIon AnD DeveLoPment In egyPt 77 fell to less than 9 per cent of the labour force between 1997 and 1999, the total number o ...
78 Ay mA n Zo h ry deterring investors and entrepreneurs operating in Egypt (Abdelfattah 2011) as well as tourists. In 2010, Egy ...
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