Encyclopedia_of_Political_Thought
50 capitalism/capitalist century SOCIALISM. The special quality of money or “capital” in capitalism, where it is saved and inves ...
Carter, James (“Jimmy”) Earl, Jr. 51 (the SOVIET UNION, Cuba, Maoist China and the like) have stagnated and declined. Most conte ...
52 Carter, James (“Jimmy”) Earl, Jr. of President Richard Nixon. America felt a shame and disillusionment with politics, and Jim ...
checks and balances 53 Catholic The social and political philosophy of the Roman Catholic Church, the largest CHRISTIANchurch in ...
separate branches or offices of state. The idea is that by distributing political functions among different institu- tions of so ...
the rulers and more on the system of government, codes, regulations, and laws. Taoist political theory rests on the view that th ...
Further Reading Troeltsch, E. The Social T eaching of the Christian Churches.Lon- don: Allen & Unwin, 1931. Christian Right ...
Cicero, Marcus Tullius 57 Emperor CHARLEMAGNE (800–814) challenged this church supremacy in politics when he began to appoint bi ...
and increasing the power of the imperial MONARCHY (CAESAR), Cicero adapted Greek REPUBLICANtheory to a large EMPIRE. He emphasiz ...
citizen/citizenship 59 organization (church, college, town, etc.). Christianity placed the individual’s citizenship both on eart ...
Further Readings Holmes, S. Benjamin Constant and the Making of Modern Liberal- ism.New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 198 ...
for eternity. St. Thomas AQUINASwrote in Summa Theo- logicathat if a human law violated a higher natural law or divine law, the ...
and orderly. Thomas JEFFERSON’s appreciation of Chris- tian ethics (or “the ethics of Jesus”) as a support for the American demo ...
anarchic inefficiency, so Marx’s workers’ state (or “dic- tatorship of the proletariat”) annihilated most of civil society’s ind ...
groupings seems to be oppressive rather than liberat- ing. The American credo to judge people by their indi- vidual personality ...
against UTILITARIANISM, and on the role of the intelli- gentsia, as well as contributing to the major political debates of his t ...
law. In the Sermon on the Mount, (Matthew 5–7), Jesus explains that his ETHICSdeepen the Ten Com- mandments by applying them to ...
source of all poverty and misery.” Babeuf’s Mani- festo of the Equals(1796) argues for community own- ership of land and the sam ...
68 conciliarism Comte worked with his mentor to develop a science of human behavior. Comte broke with Saint-Simon in 1824 and ga ...
Further Readings Baker, D., ed. “Councils and Assemblies,” vol. VII of Studies in Church History.Cambridge, Eng.: Cambridge Univ ...
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