The Turing Guide

342 | 31 COmPUTER CHESS—THE fIRST mOmENTS approach, and Prinz wrote a brute-force program. This examined all the possible moves ...

COPElAND & PRINz | 343 ChessBase’s Turing engine Turing’s description of Turochamp Mark 2 was precise enough for ChessBase t ...

344 | 31 COmPUTER CHESS—THE fIRST mOmENTS The Turing–Shannon playoff Across the Atlantic Claude Shannon, a brilliant mathematici ...

COPElAND & PRINz | 345 ‘In total, the level of play was very low’, Althöfer summed up. Nevertheless, both these his- toric p ...

346 | 31 COmPUTER CHESS—THE fIRST mOmENTS Conclusion Turing’s deliberations about computational chess formed a significant eleme ...

CHAPTER 32 Turing and the paranormal david leavitt O f the nine arguments against the validity of the imitation game that Alan T ...

348 | 32 TURING AND THE PARANORmAl laureate in physics—it had no academic affiliation. Indeed, in the view of their detractors, ...

lEAVITT | 349 Rhine tested telekinesis by dice throws and telepathy, and clairvoyance by ‘Zener cards’, so named because they ha ...

350 | 32 TURING AND THE PARANORmAl Elephants, giraffes, lions, pelicans, and zebras Soal conducted his new trials in London in 1 ...

lEAVITT | 351 a friend of Bertrand Russell and G. H. Hardy and, like Turing, unapologetically gay. In 1945 he had published a st ...

352 | 32 TURING AND THE PARANORmAl to machine intelligence. Like him they saw themselves as being on the vanguard, like him they ...

lEAVITT | 353 for those who could not tolerate the inevitability of machine intelligence. Here his treatment of the idea is in e ...

354 | 32 TURING AND THE PARANORmAl be expected on a probability calculation, so that the interrogator might be unable to make th ...

lEAVITT | 355 I would argue that as he approached the end of his life James had decided that he no longer cared to deny the dirt ...

356 | 32 TURING AND THE PARANORmAl It is as if Turing, in envisioning what might happen to the machine, was displaying his own c ...

PART VI Biological growth ...

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CHAPTER 33 Pioneer of artificial life margaret a. boden A lan Turing’s 1952 account of ‘The chemical basis of morphogenesis’^1 p ...

360 | 33 PIONEER Of ARTIfICIAl lIfE But this was about as far as it went. Just what those so-called organizers were was unknown; ...

BODEN | 361 (Blake’s question) marks one of the most intriguing—and most in-your-face unavoidable— puzzles of biology. Only the ...