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References Adams, J. (2006). Trends in physical activity and inactivity amongst US 14–18 year olds by gender, school grade and r ...
Cumming, S. P., Standage, M., Gillison, F., & Malina, R. M. (2008). Sex differences in exercise behavior during adolescence: ...
Juster, F. T., Ono, H., & Stafford, F. P. (2004).Changing times of American youth: 1981–2003, child development supplement. ...
Malina, R. M. (2010). Early sport specialization: Roots, effectiveness, risks.Current Sports Medicine Reports, 9, 364–371. Malin ...
Nader, P. R., Bradley, R. H., Houts, R. M., McRitchie, S. L., & O’Brien, M. (2008). Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity f ...
Schmücker, B., Rigauer, B., Hinrichs, W., & Trawinski, J. (1984). Motor abilities and habitual physical activity in children ...
Trost, S. G., Pate, R. R., Sallis, J. F., Freedson, P. S., Taylor, W. C., Dowda, M., et al. (2002). Age and gender differences i ...
Goran, M. I., Cower, B. A., Nagy, T. R., & Johnson, R. K. (1998). Developmental changes in energy expenditure and physical a ...
growing children: The University of Saskatchewan Bone Mineral Accrual Study.Journal of Bone Mineral Research, 14, 1672–1679. Bel ...
Nassis, G. P., Papantakou, K., Skenderi, K., Triandafillopoulou, M., Kavouras, S.A., Yannakoulia, M., et al. (2005). Aerobic exe ...
Part II Adulthood ...
Chapter 6 The Challenge of Measuring Pain in Humans Marc W. Heft and Michael E. Robinson Introduction The International Associat ...
weak the sensations are and the temporal or spatial qualities of the sensations as well the unpleasantness of the pain (Melzack ...
There have been several advances in pain assessment strategies that allow for the measurement of graded pain levels that lie bet ...
these words to rate the pain intensity and unpleasantness of their clinical pain. Furthermore, the investigators could systemati ...
“No pain sensation”at the left, lower end, and by“Most intense pain sensation imaginable”at the right end for the pain intensity ...
sensation (“first pain”). This is followed by a diffuse burning sensation approxi- mately 1 s later (“second pain”) (Price et al ...
However, at both frequencies of stimulation, the pain patients rated the pain intensities of each of the ten stimuli greater tha ...
Finally, self-report pain scales of clinical pain have been shown to be both reliable and repeatable (Coghill et al. 2003 ; Robi ...
suggest that patient demographic factors influence healthcare provider assessment of patient pain and providers’treatment decisi ...
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