Popes and Jews, 1095-1291

132 Popes and Jews, 1095–1291 pOpES, ‘pOpULAr’ CrUSAdES, ANd JEwS In the thirteenth century a general weariness with the failure ...

The Impact of the Crusades 133 These popular movements never had official papal backing and many of the clergy were strongly opp ...

134 Popes and Jews, 1095–1291 scale were over, philip Iv of France had promised to crusade and had used the vow as an excuse to ...

The Impact of the Crusades 135 noted, references to papal aid in times of need continue to be prominent not only in chronicles a ...

Just as the papacy’s wish simultaneously to protect and to restrict Jews is apparent in the increase during the High Middle Ages ...

Jews and Money 137 informed the bishop of Marseilles that, just like Christians, Jews must be com- pelled to pay the tithe on an ...

138 Popes and Jews, 1095–1291 As we might expect from a pope who in his earlier life had been a meticulous compiler of the Liber ...

Jews and Money 139 neighbours—as in 1231 when he complained to the archbishops of Tours and Rouen and to the bishop of Paris tha ...

140 Popes and Jews, 1095–1291 Later, nicholas iii instructed his chancellor to prepare a general letter on the subject of Jews p ...

Jews and Money 141 Usury was a sin, for which penance had to be done, and a canonical crime, for which Church courts might impos ...

142 Popes and Jews, 1095–1291 situation is more complex than it at first appears. The writings of medieval theolo- gians and can ...

Jews and Money 143 suspended from the performance of his office until he has made satisfaction according to the judgement of his ...

144 Popes and Jews, 1095–1291 This widespread condemnation of usury is not surprising since twelfth- and thirteenth-century pope ...

Jews and Money 145 rightly saw as necessary for europe’s economic prosperity. indeed popes never chose simply to forbid money-le ...

146 Popes and Jews, 1095–1291 additional interest should accrue from any part of the debt previously contracted. 62 so, although ...

Jews and Money 147 from recovering lost interest through profits generated by pledges, especially on land. That proclamation was ...

148 Popes and Jews, 1095–1291 arrests of various French Jews in 1180, Christians were freed in the next year from all debts owed ...

Jews and Money 149 not be enough money available to subsidize the Fifth Crusade.87 Perhaps in response, a royal edict, promulgat ...

150 Popes and Jews, 1095–1291 to the chroniclers Roger Howden and Guillaume le Breton, Robert and Fulk both railed against money ...

Jews and Money 151 This letter of innocent iii was issued in 1214, a year before he presided over the Fourth Lateran Council. As ...