Communication Between Cultures

Other Cultural Pattern Typologies With this understanding of the dominant U.S. culture values, you are now ready for a more comp ...

Human Nature Orientation Nearly all judgments about human behavior, whether moral or legal, begin with this core question: What ...

part of the universe. For very different reasons, many Europeans also have a dualistic (good/evil) approach to human nature. Spe ...

example, the desire to be part of nature and not control it has always been strong among American Indians. Even today, many trib ...

Past Orientation. In past-oriented cultures, history, established religions, and tradition are extremely important. There is an ...

Being. A being orientation refers to spontaneous expression of the human personal- ity.“People in being-orientated cultures acce ...

A doing perspective affects many other cultural beliefs and values. Your definition of activity affects your perception of work, ...

cultures is also conveyed“through status (age, sex, education, family background, title, and affiliations) and through an indivi ...

Low-Context Low-context cultures typically have a high degree of diversity within the population and tend to compartmentalize in ...

Individualism/Collectivism The cultural dimensions of individualism and collectivism were previously mentioned in Chapters 2 and ...

Individualism in the United States is seen in the expectation that employees will change jobs in order to advance their careers. ...

People in collective societies are often born into extended families, clans, or tribes that support and protect them in exchange ...

Japan is a high uncertainty culture with many formal social protocols that help to predict how people will behave in almost ever ...

solving, and learning without strict timetables. A different behavior is the case in high uncertainty avoidance cultures like Ge ...

world and that everybody has a rightful place, which is clearly marked by countless societal hierarchies, often based on factors ...

quality of life.”^70 Gender roles are highly defined and promote achievement in the workplace.“Assertiveness and the acquisition ...

45 percent of the seats in Parliament, and in its 2013 election, Norway saw 40 per- cent of parliamentary seats won by women.^74 ...

Minkov’s Cultural Dimensions 84 Over the past decade, Bulgarian scholar Michael Minkov employed statistical anal- ysis of data t ...

In contrast, in an indulgent society, people would place a priority on their sense of freedom and personal enjoyment through lei ...

Exclusionism Versus Universalism This national cultural dimension bears a strong resemblance to Hofstede’s individual- ism and c ...