Western Civilization

sense. The policy of excluding non-Greeks from leader- ship positions, it should be added, was not due to the incompetence of th ...

thepoleisof their homeland. But it was no longer possi- ble to do so. The new cities were not autonomous enti- ties and soon fou ...

manufacturing shifted significantly. Industry spread from Greece to the East—especiallyto Asia Minor, Rhodes, and Egypt. Leading ...

New Directions in Literature The Hellenistic Age produced an enormous quantity of literature, most of which has not survived. He ...

“little poems” or idylls dealing with erotic subjects, lov- ers’ complaints, and pastoral themes expressing his love of nature a ...

skill of the classical period, Hellenistic sculptors moved away from the idealism of fifth-century classicism to a more emotiona ...

practical inventor. He may have devised the so-called Archimedean screw, used to pump water out of mines and to lift irrigation ...

also contained a divine spark. This led to a belief in the oneness of humanity. The world constituted a single society of equal ...

The Jewish province of Judaea (which embraced the lands of the old Hebrew kingdom of Judah) was ruled by the Ptolemies until it ...

CHAPTER TIMELINE CHAPTER REVIEW Upon Reflection Q What role did Alexander the Great play in the creation of the Hellenistic king ...

ALEXANDER There are considerable differences of opin- ion on Alexander the Great. Good biographies include P. Cartledge, Alexand ...

C H A P T E R 5 The Roman Republic CHAPTER OUTLINE AND FOCUS QUESTIONS The Emergence of Rome Q What impact did geography have on ...

wooden bridge over the Tiber River. Horatius was on guard at the bridge when the Etruscans made a sudden assault, causing many R ...

peoples had also settled in Italy, the two most nota- ble being the Greeks and the Etruscans (i-TRUSS- kunz). The Greeks arrived ...

their power. But by 480B.C.E., their power had begun to decline, and by 400B.C.E., they were confined to Etruria itself. Later t ...

hills and the valleys in between, the Servian Wall was built to surround the city in the fourth centuryB.C.E. The Etruscans had ...

landowners, advised them. Thus, the Roman state was an aristocratic republic controlled by a relatively small group of privilege ...

people from the central Apennines, some of whom had settled in Campania, south of Rome. Rome was again victorious. The conquest ...

Rome. Moreover, the Romans made it clear that loyal allies could improve their status and even aspire to becoming Roman citizens ...

The Roman Conquest of the Mediterranean (264–133B.C.E.) Q FOCUSQUESTION: How did Rome achieve its empire from 264 to 133B.C.E., ...