Western Civilization

send him into exile, which gave him the opportunity to concentrate on writing hisHistory of the Peloponne- sian War. Unlike Hero ...

of Old Comedy, which was used to attack or savagely satirize both politicians and intellectuals. InThe Clouds, for example, Aris ...

goddesses were safeguarded. These central rooms were surrounded by a screen of columns that give Greek temples their open struct ...

wisdom consisted of being able to perceive and pursue one’s own good. Because of these ideas, many people viewed the Sophists as ...

democracy or anarchy. He favored constitutional gov- ernment as the best form for most people. Aristotle’s philosophical and pol ...

was crushed by the enemy forces. A mighty empire was indeed destroyed—his own. Life in Classical Athens The Greek city-state was ...

OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS Women in Athens and Sparta In classical Athens, a woman’s place was in the home. In the first selection, fro ...

Women were kept under strict control. Since they were married at fourteen or fifteen, they were taught about their responsibilit ...

derived from Greek poetry and drama. Greek notions of har- mony, proportion, and beauty have remained the touchstones for all su ...

Key Terms polis(p. 54) hoplites(p. 54) phalanx(p. 54) tyrants(p. 56) oligarchies(p. 56) perioikoi(p. 56) helots(p. 56) Sophists( ...

C H A P T E R 4 The Hellenistic World CHAPTER OUTLINE AND FOCUS QUESTIONS Macedonia and the Conquests of Alexander Q How was Ale ...

according to Arrian, an ancient Greek historian, Alexander, “with a word of thanks for the gift, took the helmet and, in full vi ...

OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS Demosthenes and Isocrates Address Philip of Macedonia Among the Greeks, the statesman Demosthenes reacted mo ...

Athena, Ares, and all the gods and goddesses, I will abide by the peace, and I will not break the agreements with Philip the Mac ...

(gaw-guh-MEE-luh), Alexander’s men were clearly out- numbered by the Persian forces, which had estab- lished the battle site on ...

wounds, fever, and probably excessive alcohol, he died at the age of thirty-two (see the Film & History feature on p. 79). T ...

FILM HISTORY Alexander(2004) ALEXANDERis a product of director Oliver Stone’s lifelong fascination with Alexander, the king of M ...

But how did Alexander view himself? We know that he sought to imitate Achilles, the warrior-hero of Homer’sIliad. Alexander kept ...

was among Alexander’s political contributions to the Hellenistic world. His vision of empire no doubt inspired the Romans, who w ...

thousand Celts into Greece itself and caused consider- able damage until he was defeated in 278B.C.E. Other groups of Celts late ...