Medieval France. An Encyclopedia

Apocalypse and zodiac signs of the large central portal, and representations of Avarice and Luxuria in the lateral blind arches. ...

BOSCHERVILLE . Saint-Martin-de-Boscherville (Seine-Maritime) is one of the last great Norman examples of 12th-century Romanesque ...

Appointed to one of the vacant posts of marshal, he held that office until shortly before his death in early 1368. Boucicaut was ...

BOULOGNE-SUR-MER . Situated near the narrowest point of the Channel, Boulogne (the Roman Gesoriacum) was the major crossing poin ...

BOURBON/BOURBONNAIS . The Bourbonnais in central France, lying southeast of Berry and north of Auvergne, with Moulins (Allier) a ...

heiress of Vendôme, and this county passed to the couple’s younger son, Louis (d. 1446), whose descendant would inherit the Fren ...

money” from, certain people. The kings of the early 14th century, for instance, required Italian merchants in France to purchase ...

Bourges (Cher), Saint-Étienne, south flank. Photograph courtesy of Whitney S.Stoddard. Bourges, Saint-Étienne. Photograph courte ...

In the 14th and 15th centuries, royal attention focused on the area. Berry was made a duchy for John (d. 1416), third son of Kin ...

Bourges, Saint-Étienne, main roof. Photograph: Clarence Ward Collection. Courtesy of Oberlin College. monospatial structure spre ...

The five-aisle plan translates into five west portals, producing one of the most elaborate sculptural ensembles of the period. W ...

seek remedies for them. Jean de Meun appears in a vision to discuss these problems because Bouvet was living at the time in the ...

The loss at Bouvines meant the end of Otto IV. By 1215, Frederick II of Sicily, an opposing candidate to the imperial throne, ha ...

1100 and given the title of duke. In 1190, Henri I (r. 1183–1235) took the title duke “of Brabant,” a regional designation first ...

Braine (Aisne), Saint-Yved, plan. After King. Braine, Saint-Yved, chevet and south transept. Photograph: Clarence Ward Collectio ...

apart. The remains of two west portals, a Coronation of the Virgin (reinstalled on the interior of the church) and a Hell (in th ...

BREAD . Bread was the basis of every meal in the Middle Ages: in France, other foods were summed up in the word companage, “what ...

John Bell Henneman, Jr. [See also: EDWARD III; HUNDRED YEARS’ WAR] Le Patourel,John. “The Treaty of Bretigny, 1360.” Transaction ...

People began to associate brigands with other foot soldiers, pillars, who served a knight and foraged for supplies. Too often, t ...

Monicat, Jacques. Les Grandes Compagnies en Velay. Paris: Champion, 1928. Tuetey, Alexandre. Les écorcheurs sous Charles VII. 2 ...