Medieval France. An Encyclopedia

Boretius, Alfred, and Victor Krause, eds. Monumenta Germaniae Historica Legum sectio II: Capitularia regum Francorum. 2 vols. Ha ...

in Neustria, formed to defend against Viking raiders but wiped out by the local aristocracy for engaging in a collective oath, a ...

Carcassonne, upper city ramparts. Photograph courtesy of Rebecca A. Baltzer. tury. During the 11th and 12th centuries, Carcasson ...

commercial and military importance. The raid of Edward, the Black Prince, in 1355 again left the bourg destroyed; in 1384, compl ...

quelling uprisings and supporting the church’s efforts to spread Christianity in the region. In 743, they together reestablished ...

property for their urban mission led to tension with the original ideal of total poverty and solitude. The 16th century saw a ma ...

images should be neither venerated nor destroyed and that they could help to instruct the faithful. The emphasis on didactic art ...

the famous Plan of Saint-Gall, a detailed layout of buildings for a monastery in Switzerland designed ca. 820, and probably refl ...

attached to the royal entourage. The books for Charlemagne include the Gospel lectionary written by Godescalc (B.N. n.a. lat. 12 ...

carvings survive, some close transcriptions of early Christian models but others strikingly inventive in style and iconography, ...

expand his hold on Frankish territories. His death in 714 precipitated a period of friction within the kingdom, as a power strug ...

overcome, though not decisively; campaigns in the 790s brought the conquest of the Avars; reprisals were launched against the re ...

All of these developments cast light on the motivations for Charlemagne’s coronation as emperor of the West by Pope Leo III, on ...

provoked Bernard to revolt in 817. The rebellion was crushed and its instigator blinded, a punishment from which he died. Diffic ...

split them between Louis the German and Charles the Bald. The boundaries thus formed are the basis for those between France and ...

Noble, Thomas F.X. The Republic of St. Peter: The Birth of the Papal State, 680–825. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Pr ...

Bouton, Jean de la Croix, and Jean Baptise Van Damme, eds. Les plus anciens textes de Cîteaux. Achel: Commentarii Cistercienses, ...

and other ecclesiastical corporations, universities, and powerful families intent on gathering evidence of their rights and land ...

success. The French, however, with critical assistance from the count of Hainaut, overcame early reverses and won a decisive vic ...

Cassian’s influence on western monasticism and spirituality was profound and lasting. His monastic regulations and spirituality ...