Medieval France. An Encyclopedia

Roques, Mario. “Traductions françaises des traités moraux d’Albertano de Brescia: Le livre de Melibee et de Prudence par Renaut ...

important abbey commemorated the cult of an early bishop, St. Mélaine (d. ca. 530). Frankish influence was strong, and with Nant ...

The king had long been assisted on these occasions by officers who, because they never left his side, had been called poursuivan ...

RHETORIC . See LIBERAL ARTS RHYMED OFFICE . Poetic texts and chants were written in the thousands during the later Middle Ages, ...

RHYTHM . The question of whether rhythm was essential or even appropriate to the performance of the songs of the troubadours and ...

theoretical treatment of rhythmic modes was probably a distillation of performance practices at the cathedral, subsequently edit ...

Richard I’s son and heir, Richard II (r. 996–1026), also used family ties and the church to bolster his authority. The duke’s br ...

second, a sirventes of 1196, reproaches his vassal the troubadour Dalfin d’Alvernhe and his cousin for not having come to his ai ...

Barron, Caroline, and Du Boulay, F.R., eds. The Reign of Richard II. London: Athlone, 1971. Goodman, Anthony. The Loyal Conspira ...

RICHARD OF SAINT-VICTOR (d. 1173). A major writer on mysticism in the second half of the 12th century, Richard joined the regula ...

RICHARS LI BIAUS . Preserved by a single manuscript (Turin, Bibl. Univ. L 13), Richars li biaus was composed by an otherwise unk ...

constable and military governor of lower Normandy. He unexpectedly became duke himself in 1457 but died a year later without leg ...

RIOM . Founded in the 5th century by St. Amable, Riom (Puy-de-Dôme) was a sleepy town clustered around its church until Philip I ...

brother would become Pope Calixtus II. The Cluniac rule was introduced at Saint-Martin de Tournai, Saint-Bertin, and Bergues-Sai ...

unsteady hands of his seven-year-old illegitimate son, William, the future conqueror of England. Robert Curthose, William the Co ...

powers), as well as his policies of supporting Cluny, encouraging pilgrimage, sponsoring the Peace of God, and appointing learne ...

ROBERT DE BLOIS (fl. mid-13th c.). The little we know about this author can be deduced from his works: he most likely lived duri ...

ROBERT DE BORON (fl. 1180s–1190s). The few facts known about the most important early Grail poet after Chrétien de Troyes are in ...

religious content of the original to provide the Grail’s “sacred history,” identifying it for the first time with the cup of the ...

(Copenhagen, Bibl. roy. 487) was copied in the 13th century at Corbie, to which Robert gave relics he had stolen in Constantinop ...