Medieval France. An Encyclopedia

steady demand for university graduates, and after the mid-14th century an increasing percentage of French lawyers were laymen wi ...

the Hohen-staufen. Urban created a substantial French bloc in the College of Cardinals and renewed his ties with Louis IX of Fra ...

Urban V. Urbain V(1362–1370): lettres communes, ed. Marie-Hyacinthe Laurent and members of the École Française de Rome. 12 vols. ...

[See also: BANKING AND MONEYLENDING] Dumas, Auguste. “Intérêt et usure.” In Dictionnaire de droit canonique, ed. Raoul Naz. 7 vo ...

V VALENCIENNES . The church of Notre-Dame-la-Grande at Valenciennes (Nord) was another of the large buildings of northern France ...

placed under the protection of the king of France, and in 1452 a university was founded there. In 1404, the king of France purch ...

throne produced military disasters et Crécy (1346) and Poitiers (1356). Desperate expedients, such as the grant of Burgundy in a ...

Fowler, Kenneth A. The Age of Plantagenet and Valois: The Struggle for Supremacy, 1328–1498. New York: Putnam, 1967. Lewis, Pete ...

extended into the realm of diplomacy, as van Eyck was one of Philip’s emissaries to Spain between 1424 and 1430. Van Eyck began ...

commended himself to a landlord. Carolingian kings extended the term to middle-level landlords who received royal benefices in r ...

was Thibaut de Marly (r. 1235–47), a descendant of the Montmorency family later canonized as St. Thibaut. William W.Clark Aubert ...

Vendôme (Loir-et-Cher), La Trinité, façade. Photograph courtesy of Whitney S.Stoddard. sade of 1101 and in the first expedition ...

The former abbey church of La Trinité preserves transept walls from the original 11th- century Romanesque structure, and the sta ...

Nina Rowe [See also: CAROLINGIAN DYNASTY] Aimond, Charles. La cathédrale de Verdun: étude historique et archéologique. Nancy: Ro ...

VERSIFICATION . The rhythm of poetry in medieval French is based on a fixed number of syllables in a line. Longer lines are freq ...

then the rhyme is riche. If the identity of sound extends to the vowel that precedes the tonic vowel and includes all the follow ...

later Middle Ages were the rondeau, ballade, chant royal, chanson, sirventes, virelai, lai lyrique, and pastourelle. The earlies ...

The major sources of the Aquitanian repertory are nine versaria—collections of versus—contained in four manuscripts, which embod ...

by the newly baptized on Holy Saturday and throughout Easter Week until the following Sunday, the Dominica in albis depositis. O ...

from Count Simon between 1076 and 1077 to bestow it upon his son the future Louis VI (r. 1108–37), who even occupied the Norman ...