Medieval France. An Encyclopedia

influencing warfare by the 1380s, when they were used effectively against fortifications and also on the battlefield. By 1400, n ...

engagement but also large, expensive horses on which he rode during jousts and tournaments. Kelly De Vries [See also: CAVALRY; W ...

WAVRIN, JEAN DE (1395–1475). Natural son of a Burgundian nobleman, officially legitimatized in 1437, Wavrin eventually became an ...

Among linear measures, for example, the aune, lieue, perche, pied, and toise were of paramount importance. The aune, a textile m ...

WERCHIN, JEAN DE (ca. 1375–1415). Seneschal of Hainaut. Werchin is cited in the Livre des faits de Jacques de Lalaing as an espe ...

[See also: SALIC LAW] Fischer, Katherine, trans. The Burgundian Code. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1949. Rive ...

later into English prose. Its popularity is attested by fifteen complete manuscripts, averaging 1,200 lines. Maureen B.M.Boulton ...

Flanders in 1070–71, and an anti-Norman pact between Philip, Foulques, and Count Robert of Flanders resulted. Security in Willia ...

power in England, restore ducal authority in Normandy, and reunite his father’s empire, which fell to his younger brother, Henry ...

WILLIAM OF AUXERRE (ca. 1150–1231). Little is known of the career and works of this influential secular master of Paris, althoug ...

Lesley J.Smith [See also: ABÉLARD, PETER; ANSELM OF LAON; PHILOSOPHY; SAINT- VICTOR, ABBEY AND SCHOOL OF] Green-Pedersen, Neils ...

——. Glosae super Platonem, ed. Édouard Jeauneau. Paris: Vrin, 1965. ——. Philosophia, ed. Gregor Maurach with Heidemarie Telle. P ...

WILLIAM OF SAINT-THIERRY (1070/90–1148). Born in Liège, William of Saint-Thierry studied at the schools of Reims and perhaps at ...

——. Exposé sur le Cantique des cantiques, ed. Jean M. Déchanet, trans. Pierre Dumontier. Paris: Cerf, 1962. ——. The Mirror of Fa ...

He brought Lombard masons and sculptors to Dijon to rebuild the monastic basilica with a huge crypt for relics and a large rotun ...

Certain geographic regions achieved fame for the quality of their wines at an early date. In the 6th century, Gregory of Tours c ...

hang out a green branch to signify that small quantities of wines could be bought there. The taverns’ reputation as centers of c ...

WITCHCRAFT . The term “witchcraft” (Fr. sorcellerie) can be used for maleficent magic or sorcery, but in France from the 1430s o ...

years. He had renounced God, defiled the Cross, dedicated his infant daughter to the Devil (who then killed her), aroused storms ...

the form of a black cat, and spat and trampled on a cross. She denied all these charges, even under repeated torture, and at the ...