Medieval France. An Encyclopedia

popularity is attested by several translations into the vernacular, including French, Catalan, and Dutch verse. After revising a ...

——. Commonitorium, trans. George E.MacCracken. In Early Latin Theology. Philadelphia: Westminster, 1957. VIRELAI . While in the ...

Virgil left to the Latin West three influential texts, each providing a unique allegorical matrix and unique perspective on life ...

[See also: ANTIQUITY, ROMANCES OF; BERNARD SILVESTRIS; OVID, INFLUENCE OF] Cardwell, R.A., and J.Hamilton, eds. Virgil in a Cult ...

(Lat. vicecomitissa, OFr. viscontesse) was sometimes empioyed by the wives, widows, and heiresses of hereditary viscounts, but i ...

Garonne and the Loire, as self-governing fed-erates (treaty partners) of the empire on the basis of hospitality, either land sha ...

earlier experience of Mediterranean vintners along the slopes of the Alps. Likewise, the spread of Christianity had an equally i ...

for wisdom; Wednesday, of the Holy Ghost; Thursday, of the angels; Friday, of the Cross; and Saturday, of the Blessed Virgin. Ja ...

Far more important than these appendages to the Vœux du paon, however, are the Vœux de l’épervier and the Vœux du héron. Though ...

VOYAGE DE CHARLEMAGNE À JÉRUSALEM ET À CONSTANTINOPLE . A chanson de geste belonging to the King Cycle. Few of the many critics ...

Picherit, Jean-Louis, ed. and trans. The Journey of Charlemagne to Jerusalem and Constantinople. Birmingham: Summa, 1984. Horren ...

distinct traditions of authority: historical chronicle and the Divine Book. The Queste and Mort are attributed to Walter Map, a ...

Arthurian hero’s chivalric prowess is here marred significantly by his adulterous liaison with Guenevere. The cemetery scene, wh ...

W WACE (ca. 1100-after 1174). Born on the island of Jersey, Wace received his training first at Caen, then at Paris or, less lik ...

the early 1130s with the intent of ingratiating the Celtic part of the population with the new Norman rulers by stressing the Br ...

when he narrated legendary material, such as stories about Duke Richard I, the Richard of Normandy in the Chanson de Roland, and ...

three herbs and flowers. Other poems include hagiography and praises of important people (including Louis the Pious and the empr ...

Babylon.” Rejecting clerical sacraments, prayers for the dead, and relic cults, they established their own church of perfecti, w ...

which exhibit a rather ordinary piety and none of the spirituality of his predecessors Hugh and Richard of Saint-Victor. Grover ...

The Capetian monarchy in France gradually emerged from the fragmentation of the Carolingian empire. The survival of the early Ca ...