The Mongols and the Black Sea Trade in the 13th and 14th Centuries

230 chapter four historians have taken this, along with the fact that the treaties were iden- tical in content, to mean that the ...

the golden horde and the black sea 231 been governor of the peninsula. this would explain why his son Ilyas took over the office ...

232 chapter four appointed as the new ruler’s councillor 350 as a well-informed veteran of dealings with europeans and the West, ...

the golden horde and the black sea 233 treaty was signed,355 which they had every reason to consider more reli- able. another an ...

234 chapter four When the Grand Duke of Moscow sent tribute, this was nothing but a tactical manoeuvre, forced by the fact that ...

the golden horde and the black sea 235 the generous amounts of money spent on cultivating relations with the tartars show that i ...

236 chapter four context of this treaty, it was probably nothing but a confirmation of the previous agreements of 1380 and 1381, ...

the golden horde and the black sea 237 tartar-Genoese treaties. this fourth treaty, in the summer of 1387, fol- lowed much tensi ...

238 chapter four the intensity of the conflict peaked toward the end of the period when, after two years of relative calm (1384– ...

the golden horde and the black sea 239 this restoration of ‘good and true peace’ brought all provisions of the trea- ties of 138 ...

240 chapter four a campaign on this scale, over such distances, required the mobilisation of all available resources, and requir ...

the golden horde and the black sea 241 4.3 The Problem of the Straits and the Tartar Solution the Black Sea is a largely enclose ...

242 chapter four we would bring our tents from anatolia and settle there.’ the emperor acceded to his request and gave him the l ...

the golden horde and the black sea 243 this aside, the grand coalition was in the best of shape when the treaty was signed, and ...

244 chapter four Mamluk chroniclers reporting the incident elaborate upon it and explain: “In the year 622 [= 4th November 1263– ...

the golden horde and the black sea 245 own holdings in asia Minor, but at the same time he was exposing other Byzantine possessi ...

246 chapter four broken since his troops came to plunder your lands, then you should know that I can make peace between you.ʼ th ...

the golden horde and the black sea 247 another unexpected but favourable circumstance helped to restore relations between Sarai ...

248 chapter four to the Seljuk sultanate, as proven for instance by the great expedition of 1277.422 the crisis of 1264–1265 rev ...

the golden horde and the black sea 249 Bulgarians. and they [= the Seljuks of Dobruja], who were still a horde in their own righ ...