The Mongols and the Black Sea Trade in the 13th and 14th Centuries

270 chapter four suzerain presence which was nevertheless enough to protect the Bulgar- ian state and his own interests. the mos ...

the golden horde and the black sea 271 decision to shift Bulgaria’s Northern border be properly attributed. cer- tainly, the new ...

272 chapter four the arpads in the trans-Danubian and trans-carpathian lands.525 once he considered himself strong enough, in th ...

the golden horde and the black sea 273 when compared to the more fundamental enmity of romanians from both sides of the mountain ...

274 chapter four the commander had conquered “the castle of Guren in Bulgaria, whence the men of the Despot or the duke at tarno ...

the golden horde and the black sea 275 probably coincided not just with these internal matters, but—food for thought—also with a ...

276 chapter four groups mentioned: they lived on the territory of the future Moldavia,546 and we can rule out the idea that they ...

the golden horde and the black sea 277 Basarab, the founder of the state, thus inaugurated the romanian prin- cipality’s policy ...

278 chapter four of hungary to recognise the romanian principality, so the news of their defeat at Velbujd in 1330 had the oppos ...

the golden horde and the black sea 279 his own kinsmen, his successor on the Lower Danube was a mere shadow, his name only remem ...

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chapter five conclusion: the Black sea, crossroads and Bypass of eurasian trade study of the sources and secondary literature on ...

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The main Chinggisid RuleRs Great khans Chinggis Khan d. 1227 Ögödei 1229–1241 güyük 1246–1248 möngke 1251–1259 Qubilai 1260–1294 ...

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BiBliography abu’ l-Fidā’/guyard = Geographie d’Aboulfeda, traduite de l’arabe en français, ii/2 by St. guyard, paris 1883. abu’ ...

286 bibliography ——, Romanie = M. Balard, La Romanie génoise (XIIe–début du XVe siècle), i–ii, rome 1978. Bar hebraeus/Budge = E ...

bibliography 287 ——, “origines” = g. Brătianu, “les origines de la guerre de Curzola (1294–1299) entre gênes et Venise,” in Méla ...

288 bibliography Chalkokondyles/Darkó = laonici Chalcocondylae Historiarum demonstrationes, rec. E. Darkó, i–ii, Budapest 1922–1 ...

bibliography 289 ——, “problema” = V. Ciocîltan, “problema Dunării şi politica externă a ţărilor române în secolul al XV-lea,” Şt ...