Steels_ Metallurgy and Applications, Third Edition

48 Steels: Metallurgy and Applications ,~ oO ,.~ 20 o~ "~I0 C o o C9 ,, l , I i 9 , ,-, r 0 o 700~ o. o='~-~ 9 850~ ~^240 N o% ...

Low-carbon strip steels 49 54~ 9 850~ s2 ~ o 7oooc ~ __ - i J i 220 ' P,. o .. ~ w ~ 0 ^.. " 0 ~" 2oo ~ o --v ~,, 180 _ i t l L ...

50 Steels: Metallurgy and Applications 280 A >- 200 48 C UJ 40 o O o_o.o.o.o.o.o o 0 0 0 0 I I ,,^0 0.001 0.002 0.~)3 0.004 N ...

Low-carbon strip steels 51 into solution and retained in solution in the hot band structure by means of a low coiling temperatur ...

52 Steels: Metallurgy and Applications 1.4 = m > 1.2 t,,,, E 1.0 50 .o_ C ~ 48 w ~^46 .~ 44 340 .e_ ~ 320 I..- 260 240 r ~ 22 ...

Low-carbon strip steels 53 1.6 1.5 ._. 1.4 .~ so IJj 48 ~~, 330 ~ ~ 320 210 , 200 ~ 19o 180 o,., g~ s o o ..... 8" -'P-o - o---o ...

54 Steels: Metallurgy and Applications ,~-240 "•220 200 ,~. 46 r 0 44 m 42 40 60 ~ 5C e.- "$ 30 ~176176 ~ oo -~ "', 9 550~ 300~ ...

Low-carbon strip steels 55 Figure 1.58, which shows how the carbon content, as reflected in the ageing index, varies with time f ...

56 Steels: Metallurgy and Applications with 238 N/mm 2 for conventional rolling. 93 The difference was due to a grain size effec ...

Low-carbon strip steels 57 40 .o c:^30 C 0 2O 400 600 800 1000 Tensile strength (MPa) Figure 1.60 Variation of tensile elongatio ...

58 Steels: Metallurgy and Applications plasticity. The steels contain a ferrite matrix with islands of separate phases that usua ...

Low-carbon strip steels 59 300 E b,,, 200 9 ~ C loo I I II I II I I I I Illlll 0 - - I I, 800 1000 1200 Tamp (~ Figure 1.62 Aus ...

60 Steels: Metallurgy and Applications ~- =,.. 40 2 g 2O 9 ~ 10 c 8 "~ 6 u. 2 ~,. Recrystallized Deformed austenite 0 40 80 120 ...

Low-carbon strip steels 61 recrystallized austenite grain size and the amount of deformation given below the austenite recrystal ...

62 Steels: Metallurgy and Applications 450 n 400 "10 .~ 350 >- 300 / jr / f J / f ~ S II Hot rolled o Continuous annealed 760 ...

Low-carbon strip steels 63 temperature for the completion of recrystallization by about 20~ and increases the yield stress by ab ...

64 Steels: Metallurgy and Applications An equivalent equation for a continuously annealed steel is as follows: ill TScA = 477 + ...

Low-carbon strip steels 65 1.8 | 1.6 ~> ,.E 1.4 1.2 zo ,•e eP \ oSi ','~_ Bin \ ",, "~_ A0.04 wt% P-Si "', ~ ~H:).04 V~~ P - ...

66 Steels: Metallurgy and Applications ~10 c ._o _o c 6 ._c I1) a o o/Si eJ i ,. .i , , i.._ i 20 40 6'0 80 100 Increase in tens ...

Low-carbon strip steels 67 The minimum levels of bake-hardening index that are usually considered to provide a useful benefit ar ...