Steels_ Metallurgy and Applications, Third Edition

28 Steels: Metallurgy and Applications .c_ ~.7 ~ .6 ,,C --~.4 o 9 r=0.5 E .9 t-- .8 "ID o m .7 o.,=. _>, .6 o... t'~ .5 0 .c ...

Low-carbon strip steels 29 Major strain deformation ...... I I , .I., ;" i Compressive 9 ,,, , , | ,|, ,|,l i| m ~safe ~strain ...

30 Steels: Metallurgy and Applications ! Strain hardening exponent n rasing shoot ~rtess Figure 1.29 Relationships between the p ...

Low-carbon strip steels 31 Hole expansion effects Many pressings are made with holes to accommodate screws for fixing and the fo ...

70 60 10 5O .2 c:^40 ~ e- 3o o uJ 20 100 O '~e ""~' ' ' I o e & i c,~l.. %~'=-1 Z~ -~. ~:t:i .*'j-- d, A. 9 .-- .:..'&" ...

Low-carbon strip steels 33 resistance may be improved by reducing the carbon content and by controlling the size and morphology ...

34 Steels: Metallurgy and Applications Center Pillar A-Pillar Reinforcement odyslde Frame ~ ~.,. Rear Door Inne Floor Pan Front ...

Low-carbon stdp steels 35 Finished shape) P | 9 Profiles of top, bottom and side rolls Roller die cold forming Figure 1.34 A sc ...

36 Steels: Metallurgy and Applications Figure 1.36 Computer simulation of deep-drawing operations (After Miles 61) significantly ...

Low-carbon strip steels 37 and a supplier in order that a particularly difficult customer requirement can be satisfied. It is co ...

Table 1.3 BS EN 10130: 1991 Cold-rolled carbon steel fit products for cold forming Graak Defiition Lkoxiaktion Validityof Slufac ...

Low-carbon strip steels 39 in the structure and may form iron carbides. The second is the newer type of steel called interstitia ...

40 Steels: Metallurgy and Applications (a) 2.0 _= r r 1.5 1.0 ,,O . 0 t Ann. 775 ~ 60s I , I I I -0.01 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 Ti~ (=T ...

Low-carbon strip steels 41 just above the stoichiometric composition for titanium steels, has become more gradual and the highes ...

42 Steels: Metallurgy and Applications 2.2: 2.0 52 9 0.002 wt%C-0.032 wt%TI O 0.002 wt%C-0.010 wt% Nb i O~~ 1000 1100 12~ O Sla ...

Low-carbon strip steels 43 form during the hot-rolling sequence and influence the development of the hot- rolled texture. 74 The ...

44 Steels: Metallurgy and Applications carbides reduces and eventually becomes zero at about 0.02% carbon depending on the annea ...

Low-carbon strip steels 45 ID = 1.5 1.0 I ....... I ......... I , , _L__ 550 600 650 700 Coiling temperature (~ Figure 1.44 Vari ...

46 Steels: Metallurgy and Applications 1.8 1.6 ._= | > 1.0 ,~~ ~ll 0.007 wt%C 'oj2 0'.4' o16 o18 Manganese content (wt%) I Fi ...

Low-carbon strip steels 47 of time on a continuous line by changing the steel chemistry, prior processing and annealing temperat ...