A History of the World From the 20th to the 21st Century

nationalism. They had supported the war. No less a personage than Field Marshal von Hindenburg, testified that Ebert was sound a ...

one of the coalitions without the Social Demo- crats was a minority government. They generally lasted only a few months. The maj ...

social and educational policies were pioneered, the arts and culture flourished. These were impressive achievements in just a fe ...

misery provided fertile soil for extremists. In the autumn of 1923 the attitude and questionable loyalty of the chief of the arm ...

Britain guarantee the post-Versailles frontiers in the east as it had done in the west. Although Germany also signed arbitration ...

The democracies of the West were tested in the period after the war. If they failed to retain the active support of the people, ...

evolutionary democratic path. The tradition of parliament, the impartial administration of the law and civic freedoms of the ind ...

election of December 1918, won all but four seats outside Ulster, and met in Dublin – those members not in prison – in a self-co ...

goods to the empire suffered as the poor of the world became even poorer. As raw material prices fell with slackening industrial ...

of the British electorate turned neither to fascism nor to communism. France emerged the victor from the Great War, but no count ...

until the end of 1922. Then the Germans defaulted once again and disputed with Poincaré, by then prime minister, the amounts due ...

Germans could still resort to force if arbitration did not give them what they wanted. Only the separate alliances of Poland and ...

support, the government would not yield; the unions had no chance and lost. In the 1920s French socialism split, as it did elsew ...

strikes that spread across the country in 1919 by characterising the strikers and their leaders as Bolsheviks. Acts of terrorism ...

remain free and independent. More important, the Japanese government itself decided to with- draw from Siberia and China. The tr ...

The world of the twentieth century differed sharply from that of the nineteenth. The twentieth century was the age of the masses ...

post-war Europe. It differed from the pre-1914 variety in that it was not just expansionist; it also was fed by the fury felt at ...

seats) and the Socialists (156), were both inca- pable of providing the basis of a stable coalition with the Liberal and Nationa ...

after the outbreak of the Great War. Then, to the anger of the Socialists who condemned the capitalist war and demanded non-inte ...

and socialists was concerned. Strikes diminished. Any danger the left had posed was rapidly van- ishing. But the low government ...