Medical Microbiology

314 4 BacteriaasHumanPathogens Pathogenesisandclinicalpicture.Humanbrucellosisinfectionsresultfrom directcontactwithdiseasedanim ...

Brucella,Bordetella,Francisella 315 Bordetella(WhoopingCough,Pertussis) ThegenusBordetella,amongothers,includesthespeciesB.pertu ...

316 4 BacteriaasHumanPathogens whowerevaccinatedaschildrenhavelittleornoresidualimmunityandof- tenpresentatypicalpertussis. Diag ...

Gram-NegativeAnaerobes 317 Gram-NegativeAnaerobes &Theobligateanaerobic,Gram-negative,pleomorphicrodsarecompo- nentsofthenor ...

318 4 BacteriaasHumanPathogens destroytissues(hyaluronidase,collagenase,neuraminidase).Gram-negative anaerobesarealmostneverthes ...

Gram-NegativeAnaerobes 319 Epidemiologyandprevention.Mostinfectionsarisefromthepatient’sown flora.Exogenousinfectionscanbecontra ...

320 4 BacteriaasHumanPathogens Treponema(Syphilis,Yaws,Pinta) &Treponemapallidum,subsp.pallidumisthecausativepathogenofsyphi ...

Treponema(Syphilis,Yaws,Pinta) 321 becauseofdirectcontactwithlesionscontainingthepathogens,whichthen invadethehostthroughmicrotr ...

322 4 BacteriaasHumanPathogens oftheVenerealDiseaseResearchLaboratory(USA)andisknownasthe VDRLflocculationreaction. &Antitre ...

Treponema(Syphilis,Yaws,Pinta) 323 Therapy.PenicillinGistheantibioticagentofchoice.Dosageanddurationof therapydependonthestageof ...

324 4 BacteriaasHumanPathogens foryears.Diagnosisisconfirmedbyidentificationoftreponemesfromthe skinlesions.PenicillinGisusedint ...

Borrelia(RelapsingFever,LymeDisease) 325 Borreliaecanbeculturedusingspecialnutrientmediums,althoughit mustbeaddedthatnegativeres ...

326 4 BacteriaasHumanPathogens aretransmittedbythebodylouse.Preventioninvolveseradicationofthelice withinsecticides. B.duttonii, ...

Borrelia(RelapsingFever,LymeDisease) 327 pattern.ThepresentingsymptominstageIistheerythemachronicummi- grans(Fig.4. 25 ). Diagno ...

328 4 BacteriaasHumanPathogens malsfromrodentsonuptodeerarethenaturalreservoiroftheLymedisease Borrelia,althoughthesespeciesseld ...

Leptospira(Leptospirosis,WeilDisease) 329 damagemainlytheendothelialcellsofthecapillaries,leadingtogreaterper- meabilityandhemor ...

330 4 BacteriaasHumanPathogens inpatientserumusingaquantitativelysis-agglutinationtest.Viableculture strainsoftheregionallyendem ...

Rickettsia,Coxiella,Orientia,andEhrlichia 331 Classification.ThebacteriaofthisgroupbelongtothefamiliesRickettsiaceae (Rickettsia ...

332 4 BacteriaasHumanPathogens Table4. 13 PathogensandClinicalPicturesoftheRickettsiosesandofQFever Pathogen Vector/host Disease ...

Rickettsia,Coxiella,Orientia,andEhrlichia 333 demicsareoccasionallyseenworldwide.Thesourcesofinfectionaredis- easedlivestockthat ...