Medical Microbiology

354 5 GeneralMycology Table5. 2 OverviewoftheMostImportantMycosesinHumans Disease Etiology Remarks Primarymycoses (donotoccurend ...

GeneralAspectsofFungalDisease 355 Table5. 2 Continued:OverviewoftheMostImportantMycosesinHumans Disease Etiology Remarks Hyalohy ...

356 5 GeneralMycology cificimmunity,especiallythecellulartype.Theroleofhumoralimmunityin specificimmunedefenseissecondary. Diagn ...

GeneralAspectsofFungalDisease 357 &Azoles.Theseagentsdisruptergosterolbiosynthesis.Theireffectismainly fungistaticwithpossib ...

6 FungiasHumanPathogens PrimaryMycoses &Primarysystemicmycosesincludehistoplasmosis(Histoplasmacapsula- tum),NorthAmericanbl ...

Pathogenesisandclinicalpicture.ThenaturalhabitatofH.capsulatumisthe soil.Spores(conidia)areinhaledintotherespiratorytract,aretak ...

WesternEuropeisfreeofthedisease.Thepathogenisnotcommunicable amonghumans.Nospecialprophylacticmeasuresaretaken. Coccidioidesimmi ...

Blastomycesdermatitidis (NorthAmericanBlastomycosis) Blastomycesdermatitidisisadimorphicfungusthatcausesachronicgranu- lomatousi ...

OpportunisticMycoses(OM) &Opportunisticmycoses(OM)thataffectskinandmucosaaswellasinter- nalorgansarecausedbybothyeastandmold ...

Morphologyandculture.GramstainingofprimarypreparationsrevealsC. albicanstobeaGram-positive,budding,ovalyeastwithadiameterofap- p ...

morphologicallysimilartooralsoorisvulvovaginitis.Diabetes,pregnancy, progesteronetherapy,andintensiveantibiotictreatmentthatelim ...

&Aspergillosisoftherespiratorytract.Anaspergillomaisacircumscribed “fungusball”thatusuallygrowsinacertainspace(e.g.,acavern) ...

Therapy.High-doseamphotericinB,administeredintime,istheagentof choice.Azolescanalsobeused.Theechinocandincaspofunginhasbeenap- p ...

areinhaledandenterthelungs,resultinginapulmonarycryptococcosisthat usuallyrunsaninapparentclinicalcourse.Fromtheprimarypulmonary ...

orders(diabetes).Thepathogenspenetrateintothetargetorganicsystem withdust.Theyshowahighaffinitytovascularstructures,inwhichtheyr ...

Sabouraudagar.Identificationconcernssolelythemorphologicalcharacter- isticsofthefructificationorgans.Thereisnomethodofantibody-b ...

clinicalandtherapeuticterms,theyarethesameascandidiasis.Malassezia furfuroccasionallycausescathetersepsisinprematureneonatesandp ...

opment,thecyst.Thecyststhenreleasethespores,whichinturndevelop intotrophozoites. Culture.P.cariniicannotbegrowninnutrientmediums ...

(seeFig.6.7c).AmplificationofspecificDNAsequencesusingthePCRhas recentlycometotheforeasausefulmoleculardetectionmethod. Therapy. ...

Classification.Dermatophytesareclassifiedinthreegenera:Trichophyton (withtheimportantspeciesT.mentagrophytes,T.rubrum,T.schoenle ...