Medical Microbiology

254 4 BacteriaasHumanPathogens Gardnerellavaginalis.................................. G.vaginalisisaGram-variable,nonmotile,none ...

Corynebacterium,Actinomyces,OtherGram-PositiveRodBacteria 255 actinomycosis,causedbyoralcavitycolonizerA.israelii,isthemostfrequ ...

256 4 BacteriaasHumanPathogens Diphtheriatoxin FragmentAisanADPribosyltransferase.Theenzymetransfersadenosinedi- phosphateribose ...

Corynebacterium,Actinomyces,OtherGram-PositiveRodBacteria 257 Epidemiologyandprevention.Humansarethesolepathogenreservoirfor dip ...

258 4 BacteriaasHumanPathogens Actinomyces........................................... ActinomycetesareGram-positivebacteriathatt ...

Corynebacterium,Actinomyces,OtherGram-PositiveRodBacteria 259 pathogens.Genuineactinomycosesareactuallyalwayspolymicrobial.The m ...

260 4 BacteriaasHumanPathogens Epidemiologyandprevention.Actinomycosesoccursporadicallyworld- wide.Averagemorbidity(incidence)le ...

Corynebacterium,Actinomyces,OtherGram-PositiveRodBacteria 261 Table4. 3 Gram-PositiveRodswith(Generally)Low-LevelPathogenicity A ...

262 4 BacteriaasHumanPathogens Mycobacterium.................................................... &Mycobacteriaareslenderrodb ...

Mycobacterium 263 TuberculosisBacteria(TB)............................. History.Thetuberculosisbacteriacomplexincludesthespecies ...

264 4 BacteriaasHumanPathogens TBareobligateanaerobes.Theirreproductionisenhancedbythepresence of 5 – 10 %CO 2 intheatmosphere.T ...

Mycobacterium 265 Thefurthercourseofthediseasedependsontheoutcomeofthebattlebe- tweentheTBandthespecificcellularimmunedefenses.P ...

266 4 BacteriaasHumanPathogens toplayanimportantrole.Thiscytokineisalsoresponsibleforthecachexia associatedwithtuberculosis.Reac ...

Mycobacterium 267 eratingaccompanyingflora,followedbycentrifugationtoenrichtheconcen- tration. &Microscopy.Ziehl-Neelsenand/ ...

268 4 BacteriaasHumanPathogens Directidentificationinpatientmaterial.Molecularmethodsusedfordirect detectionoftheM.tuberculosisc ...

Mycobacterium 269 LeprosyBacteria(LB).................................. Morphologyandculture.Mycobacteriumleprae(Hansen, 187 3)i ...

270 4 BacteriaasHumanPathogens whichnoleprosyinfectionispresent).Theclinicallydifferentiatedinfection courseformsobservedareprob ...

Mycobacterium 271 Epidemiologyandprevention.Leprosyisnowrareinsociallydeveloped countries,althoughstillfrequentindevelopingcount ...

272 4 BacteriaasHumanPathogens Nocardia........................................................... Occurrence.ThegenusNocardiain ...

Neisseria,Moraxella,andAcinetobacter 273 affectingtheimmunedefenses.Monoinfectionsaretherule.Thereareno typicalclinicalsymptoms. ...