Understanding Third World Politics

To these factors must be added foreign influences. Aid donors have added political pluralism, ‘good governance’, democracy and r ...

democratic consolidation in different countries. ‘Institutionalization’ was deemed to be found when: ●the rules governing party ...

a ‘requisite for democratic government’, but the more experience a country has of democracy the higher the level of party system ...

autonomous (e.g. from narrow socio-economic interests), and coherent (Dix, 1992). Comparing Korea, Taiwan and 12 Latin American ...

organizational structure and embraces a whole approach to the management of society and economy as well as political education, ...

resources and positions within the military and bureaucracy. The distribu- tion of rewards to supporters and clients on a person ...

●the vertical nature of patron–client relations undermines horizontal soli- darities, especially of clients; ●and the relationsh ...

within parties and patron–client relationships produce a distinctive image for Third World parties. A successful party thus has ...

7 Bureaucracy and Political Power Introduction Bureaucracies are important institutions in all political systems. Public officia ...

obstacles to change. Dependence on the bureaucracy is an inescapable feature of political life for incoming politicians, however ...

dependent on a salary. They do not own the means of administration. They cannot take personal possession of a share of any tax r ...

problems, limiting their attention to narrowly defined circumstances that rules happen to define as significant. Bureaucrats are ...

of such professionals have for many years been employed in the public sector and public services. This again limits the availabi ...

Third World. Even egalitarian ideology is no match for the bureaucrat’s drive for prestige and status. Employment in the nationa ...

for controlling the bureaucracy grew. The more that groups outside the state, in business, agriculture, the labour movement, and ...

bodies. The development process of different political institutions such as bureaucracies and parties are not separate and unrel ...

superiority, paternalism, and tolerance of indigenous institutions deemed to be compatible with metropolitan interests. But afte ...

on a special political significance. High levels of need, particularly among the poorer sections of society but also among other ...

arrive at final decisions in individual cases. Officials correspondingly behave according to norms which structure the decision- ...

all-pervading will be defined as irrelevant to the bureaucrat. Needs will have been defined in terms of officially selected attr ...