College Physics

Medical Application The earliest uses of ionizing radiation on humans were mostly harmful, with many at the level of snake oil a ...

Another form of radiotherapy uses chemically inert radioactive implants. One use is for prostate cancer. Radioactive seeds (abou ...

Figure 32.14A food irradiation plant has a conveyor system to pass items through an intense radiation field behind thick shieldi ...

larger nucleus has a greater binding energy and less mass per nucleon than the two that combined. Thus mass is destroyed in the ...

Figure 32.18(a) Two nuclei heading toward each other slow down, then stop, and then fly away without touching or fusing. (b) At ...

Figure 32.20This array of photomultiplier tubes is part of the large solar neutrino detector at the Fermi National Accelerator L ...

time and will achieve break-even conditions. It will study plasmas in conditions similar to those expected in a fusion power pla ...

Power is energy per unit time. One year has3.16×10 7 s, so (32.25) P = E t =3.37×10 14 J 3.16×10^7 s = 1.07×10 7 W = 10.7 MW. Di ...

mproducts = 94.919388 u + 139.921610 u + 3(1.008665 u) (32.27) = 237.866993 u. The mass lost is the mass of^238 Uminusmproducts, ...

Figure 32.25Neutron-induced fission is shown. First, energy is put into this large nucleus when it absorbs a neutron. Acting lik ...

The reason 235 Uand 239 Puare easier to fission than 238 Uis that the nuclear force is more attractive for an even number of neu ...

The number of^235 Uatoms in 1.00 kg is Avogadro’s number times the number of moles. One mole of^235 Uhas a mass of 235.04 g; thu ...

Within months after the announcement of the discovery of fission, Adolf Hitler banned the export of uranium from newly occupied ...

Figure 32.30An implosion created by high explosives compresses a sphere of^239 Puinto a critical mass. The superior fissionabili ...

by the United States on October 31, 1952, at Eniwetok Atoll with a yield of 10 megatons (MT), about 670 times that of the fissio ...

Anger camera: break-even: breeder reactors: breeding: critical mass: criticality: Figure 32.34Approximate fractions of energy ou ...

fission fragments: food irradiation: free radicals: gamma camera: gray (Gy): high dose: hormesis: ignition: inertial confinement ...

• PET is a similar technique that usesβ + emitters and detects the two annihilationγrays, which aid to localize the source. 32.2 ...

Conceptual Questions 32.1 Medical Imaging and Diagnostics 1.In terms of radiation dose, what is the major difference between med ...

14.Why does the fusion of light nuclei into heavier nuclei release energy? 15.Energy input is required to fuse medium-mass nucle ...