0071643192.pdf

COMPLICATIONS ■ In massive transfusion(>10 units of PRBCs) ■ Coagulopathy ■ Routine transfusion of platelets and FPP is disco ...

CLINICALINDICATIONS ■ Significant hemorrhage or major procedure with platelets < 50,000/μL ■ Life-threatening hemorrhage and ...

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CHAPTER 2 Cardiovascular Emergencies Gregory W. Burcham, MD, FACEP and Jonathan Claud, MD ECG Essentials 67 CONDUCTIONBLOCKS 67 ...

TRICUSPIDREGURGITATION 112 PROSTHETICVALVECOMPLICATIONS 112 Arterial Circulatory Disorders 113 ARTERIALANEURYSMS 113 AORTICDISSE ...

ECG ESSENTIALS Conduction Blocks RIGHTBUNDLEBRANCHBLOCK(RBBB) RBBB results from failure of conduction of the R bundle. R ventric ...

LEFTBUNDLEBRANCHBLOCK(LBBB) In LBBB, both the left anterior and posterior fascicles are blocked and electrical conduction to the ...

ECG FINDINGS(SEEFIGURE2.3) ■ Normal QRS duration ■ Leftward QRS axis of > −30° ■ Small Q wave in Lead I and S wave in Lead II ...

ECG FINDINGS ■ LBBBor ■ RBBB+LAFBorLPFB TREATMENT ■ Transvenous pacing if ■ Symptomatic bradycardia ■ Acute MI (extensive damage ...

CAUSES ■ Mitral stenosis ■ Pulmonary hypertension ■ Chronic PE ■ Left to right shunts ECG FINDINGS(SEEFIGURE2.5) ■ Right axis de ...

Electrolyte Disturbances HYPERKALEMIA Hyperkalemia alters membrane polarization. The degree of ECG changes depends somewhat on t ...

CARDIOVASCULAR EMERGENCIES A I II III II aVR aVL aVF V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 FIGURE 2.7. Hyperkalemia. A. ECG showing sine wave comple ...

HYPOCALCEMIA ECG FINDINGS(SEEFIGURE2.9) ■ Hallmark=QT prolongation ■ Due to lengthening of the ST segment ■ Occurs with Ca+<6 ...

CARDIOVASCULAR EMERGENCIES FIGURE 2.10. Osborn wave or J wave, indicating hypothermia. (Reproduced, with permission, from Tintin ...

It is divided into four classes by the Canadian Cardiovascular Society: ■ Class I: Angina with strenuous physical activity ■ Cla ...

UA is part of the continuum of ACS and overlaps with NSTEMI. A patient experiencing severe UA has a prognosis and risk profile s ...

CARDIOVASCULAR EMERGENCIES TABLE 2.2. Regional ECG Findings in the Setting of MI REGION OF REGION OFST ELEVATION INFARCT AFFECTE ...

EXAM ■ Findings are often nonspecific and may include pallor, diaphoresis, and tachypnea. ■ Listen for new heart murmur (mitral ...

■ Left ventricular hypertrophy (see Figure 2.6) ■ May mimic or obscure ACS ■ Characterized by a large S wave in V 1 , V 2 , and ...

■ Troponin I ■ Most sensitive and specific but delayed rise ■ Rises in 3–6 hours ■ Peaks at 12–24 hours ■ Normalizes in 7–10 day ...