0071643192.pdf

Volume Assessment 49 NEONATES 49 PEDIATRICS 50 Shock 51 HYPOVOLEMICSHOCK 52 CARDIOGENICSHOCK 54 OBSTRUCTIVESHOCK 55 DISTRIBUTIVE ...

AIRWAY MANAGEMENT INDICATIONS FORDEFINITIVEAIRWAY ■ Failure to maintain a patent airway and protect against aspiration ■ Inadequ ...

■ High larynx ■ Distance from the undersurface of the mandible to the laryngeal prominence < 2 patient fingerbreadths ■ Upper ...

■ Difficult cricothyrotomy ■ Predictors include: Short/obese neck, prior surgery or radiation, presence of mass or hematoma. PED ...

■ Sizing ■ Premature infants: Size 0 ■ Normal infants: Size 1 ■ Older children: Size 2 ■ Adults: Size 3–4 BAG-VALVEMASK A BVM wi ...

INDICATION ■ Relieve upper airway obstruction from tongue in the unconscious or semi- conscious patient. ■ Adjunct to BVM ventil ...

■ Air trapping or pneumothorax ■ From overaggressive ventilation or too large a bag (pediatrics) ■ If you suspect air trapping ( ...

COMPLICATIONS ■ Broken teeth ■ Laryngospasm ■ Mainstem intubation A patient who was unable to escape a burning building that col ...

PLACEMENT OFTUBE(INTUBATION) Postintubation Management ■ Sedation with benzodiazepines or propofol to minimize agitation ■ Pain ...

ADVANCEDAIRWAYPROCEDURES Used in the management of the difficult or failed airway DIFFICULTAIRWAY ■ Difficult mask ventilation o ...

PROCEDURE ■ Administer local airway anesthetic. ■ Options include nebulized or atomized 4% lidocaine and topical benzo- caine ge ...

■ Advance the tube during inspiration. ■ If successful, there is usually associated coughing and/or stridor and cessa- tion of v ...

COMPLICATIONS ■ Hemorrhage if the cricothyroid artery is lacerated ■ Soft-tissue infection A 50-year-old male is brought to ED b ...

■ Inflate the pharyngeal balloon with 100 mL of air. ■ Inflate the distal white balloon with 5–15 mL of air. ■ Begin ventilation ...

RESUSCITATION A lateral or poorly defined glow indicates improper lighted stylet placement. Needle cricothyrotomy will provide o ...

CONTRAINDICATIONS ■ Difficult to perform in patients < 10 years old PROCEDURE ■ Locate the cricothyroid membrane with nondomi ...

BI-LEVELPOSITIVEAIRWAYPRESSURE(BIPAP) ■ It is a combination of CPAP and inspiratory assist. ■ Inspiratory positive pressure (8–1 ...

■ Barotrauma ■ Caused by excessive pressure ■ Prevented by lowering inspiratory pressures ■ Ventilator associated pneumonia ■ Ri ...

■ Anatomic right-to-left shunt = blood flow that bypasses the lungs alto- gether as in a VSD with pulmonary hypertension. ■ Righ ...

Is the rhythm regular or irregular? Regular rhythms include: ■ Sinus ■ Some AV-node blocks (first-degree AV block, second-degree ...