Emergency Medicine

336 Paediatric Emergencies GENERAL ASSESSMENT 1 It is essential to be able recognize the sick or seriously ill child, and to und ...

Paediatric Emergencies 337 Age Weight (kg) Height (cm) Heart rate (beats/min) Systolic BP (mmHg) Circulating blood volume (mL) R ...

338 Paediatric Emergencies GENERAL ASSESSMENT 4 Most emergencies are frightening to children causing distress to the child that ...

Paediatric Emergencies 339 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation 5 Commence your assessment from the first moment you see the child, whi ...

340 Paediatric Emergencies CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION 5 Look for signs of respiratory failure: (i) Increased effort of breath ...

Paediatric Emergencies 341 CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION Call Resuscitation Team (1 min CPR first, if alone) During CPR: ●Ensure ...

342 Paediatric Emergencies CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION 2 Ventilation and oxygenation (i) Give high-flow oxygen, open the airwa ...

Paediatric Emergencies 343 CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION (a) internal diameter of endotracheal tube (mm) = (age in years/4) + 4 ...

344 Paediatric Emergencies CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION (ii) Change to a ventilation rate of 10–12/min and compression rate of ...

Paediatric Emergencies 345 CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION Table 11.4 Paediatric emergency drugs Drug Dose and route of administra ...

346 Paediatric Emergencies CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION (ii) Give adrenaline 10 g/kg i.v. or i.o. immediately in asystole or p ...

Paediatric Emergencies 347 Breathless Child 11 When to stop The senior emergency department (ED) physician or paediatric doctor ...

348 Paediatric Emergencies BREATHLESS CHILD (iv) Tachycardia ≥130 beats/min if aged 2–5 years, or >120/min if >5 years. (v ...

Paediatric Emergencies 349 BREATHLESS CHILD (iii) Persistent hypoxaemia. (iv) Circulatory collapse. (v) Requires continuous salb ...

350 Paediatric Emergencies BREATHLESS CHILD Pneumonia DIAGNOSIS 1 Bronchopneumonia occurs in young children, or older children w ...

Paediatric Emergencies 351 BREATHLESS CHILD (a) afebrile but mildly unwell with signs of pneumonia, cover for Bordetella pertuss ...

352 Paediatric Emergencies Stridor 2 Assess and secure the airway and give high-f low oxygen by face mask. (i) Call the senior E ...

Paediatric Emergencies 353 STRIDOR 2 It is characterized by a barking cough, harsh inspiratory stridor and hoarse voice. Symptom ...

354 Paediatric Emergencies STRIDOR 2 Onset of symptoms occurs over 6–12 h and may rapidly progress to airway obstruction. These ...

Paediatric Emergencies 355 Abdominal Pain, Diarrhoea and Vomiting 4 Request an anteroposterior and lateral CXR only in the stabl ...